CIHM 
Microfiche 
Series 
(Monographs) 


ICMH 

Collection  de 
microfiches 
(monographies) 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microredroductions/lnstitut  canadien  de  iTiicroreproductions  historiques 


©2000 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes  /  Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best  original 
copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this  copy  which 
may  be  bibliographically  unique,  which  may  alter  any  of 
the  images  in  the  reproduction,  or  which  may 
significantly  change  the  usual  method  of  filming  are 
checked  below. 

B   Coloured  covers  / 
Couverture  de  couleur 

□   Covers  damaged  / 
Couverture  endommag^e 

□   Covers  restored  and/or  laminated  / 
Couverture  restaur^e  et/ou  pelliculde 

I      I   Cover  title  missing  /  Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

I I   Coloured  maps  /  Cartes  g^ographiques  en  couleur 

□   Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)  / 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleuo  ou  noire) 

I      I   Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations  / 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material  / 
Reli4  avec  d'autres  documents 

Only  edition  available  / 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


□ 

I   /]   Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion  along 
I — I    interior  margin  /  La  reliure  serr6e  peut  causer  de 


D 


D 


margin  /  La  reliure  serr6e  peut 
i'ombre  ou  de  la  distorsion  le  long  de  la  marge 
interieure. 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restorations  may  appear 
within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these  have  been 
omitted  from  filming  /  II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages 
blanches  ajout^es  lors  d'une  restauration 
apparaissent  dans  le  texte,  mais,  lorsque  cela  etait 
possible,  ces  pages  n'ont  pas  et^  film^es. 

Additional  comments  / 
Commentaires  suppl6mentaires: 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire  qu'il  lui  a 
6\6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details  de  cet  exem- 
plaire qui  sont  F>eut-6tre  uniques  du  point  de  vue  bibli- 
ographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier  une  image  reproduite, 
ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une  modification  dans  la  m^tho- 
de  normale  de  filmage  sont  indiqu^s  ci-dessous. 

I      I  Coloured  pages  /  Pages  de  couleur 

I I   Pages  damaged  /  Pages  endommag6es 


D 


Pages  restored  and/or  laminated  / 
Pages  restaur^es  et/ou  pellicul^es 


0   Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed  / 
Pages  dteolor^s,  tachet^es  ou  piqudes 

I      I   Pages  detached  /  Pages  d6tach6es 

\y\  Showthrough / Transparence 

I      I   Quality  of  print  varies  / 


D 

D 


D 


Quality  in^gale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material  / 
Comprend  du  materiel  suppl^mentaire 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  en-ata  slips, 
tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to  ensure  the  best 
possible  image  /  Les  pages  totalement  ou 
partiellement  obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une 
pelure,  etc.,  ont  6\6  film^es  k  nouveau  de  fa^on  k 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 

Opposing  pages  with  varying  colouration  or 
discolourations  are  filmed  twice  to  ensure  the  best 
possible  image  /  Les  pages  s'opposant  ayant  des 
colorations  variables  ou  des  decolorations  sont 
film^es  deux  fois  afin  d'obtenir  la  meilleure  image 
possible. 


This  Hem  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below  / 

Ce  document  est  filmi  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqui  ci-dessous. 


10x 


14x 


18x 


12x 


16x 


20x 


22x 


26x 


30x 


3 


24x 


28x 


32x 


The  copy  fitmad  h«r«  has  b««n  raproducad  thanks 
to  tha  ganarosity  of: 

Canadian  Museum  of  Civilization 
Library 


L'axamplaira  film*  fut  raproduit  grica  i  la 
gAnArositA  da: 

Husee  canadien  des  civilisations 
Bibi iothcque 


Tha  imagas  appaaring  hara  ara  tha  bast  quality 
possibia  considaring  tha  condition  and  lagibility 
of  tha  original  copy  and  in  kaaping  with  tha 
filming  contract  spacifications. 


Original  copias  in  printod  papar  covara  ara  fllmad 
baginning  with  tha  front  covar  and  anding  on 
tha  last  pago  vith  a  printad  or  illustratad  impraa- 
sion.  or  tha  back  covar  whan  appropriata.  All 
othar  original  copias  tf  filmad  baginning  on  tha 
first  paga  with  a  printad  or  illustratad  impraa- 
sion,  and  anding  on  tha  last  paga  with  a  printad 
or  illustratad  imprassion. 


Tha  last  racordad  frama  on  aach  microficho 
shall  contain  tha  symbol  «^  (moaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  tha  symbol  V  (moaning  "END"). 
whichavar  applias. 


Las  imagas  suivantas  ont  M  raproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin.  compte  tenu  da  la  condition  at 
da  la  nattat*  da  l'axamplaira  filmA,  at  an 
conformity  avac  las  conditions  du  rontrat  da 
filmaga. 

Laa  axamplairas  originaux  dont  la  couvartura  en 
papiar  aat  imprimia  sont  filmAs  an  commencant 
par  la  pramiar  plat  at  an  tarminant  soit  par  la 
darni*ra  paga  qui  comporta  una  imprainte 
d'imprassion  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  la  second 
plat,  salon  la  cas.  Tous  las  autras  axamplairas 
originaux  sont  filmis  an  commanpant  par  la 
pramiAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  ampreinta 
d'imprassion  ou  d'illustration  at  an  tarminant  par 
la  darniira  paga  qui  comporta  una  telle 
amprainta. 

Un  das  symbolas  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
darniira  image  da  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  la  symbole  ''•^-  signifie  "A  SUIVRE".  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  ba  filmad  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  ara  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  loft  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrama  illustrate  the 
method: 


Lea  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc..  peuvent  etre 
filmAs  i  des  taux  da  reduction  diffirents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
raproduit  en  un  seul  cliche,  il  est  film*  d  partir 
de  Tangle  supirieur  gauche,  de  gauche  i  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas.  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nicessaire.  Las  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mithode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

MICROCOPY    RESOLUTION    TEST    CHART 

ANSI  and  ISO  TEST  CHART  No    2- 


1.0 


I.I 


1.25 


Hi 


13.2 


1_     III 


■  36 


i|4  0 


1.4 


2.5 
2.2 

ZO 
1.8 

1.6 


^  /APPLIED  IM/1GE     Inc 

^r_  'bbJ   tasl    Ma'H    Street 

S"«S  ^'oches'er.    New    York  14609         USA 

•-i^  '  '!e:    482  -   0300  -   Phone 

^SS  I 'K.I    288  -  5989  -  fax 


"Everybody  Talk  ^^nook  at  the  Seattle  Potlatch 


n 


r 


m  Cbinook  Book 


fly  El  Comancho 

[W.  S.  PHILLIPS) 


A  COMPLETE  DESCRIPTIVE  ANALYSIS 

OF  THE  CHINOOK  JARGON 

IN  PLAIN  WORDS 


\  .    ->- 


2 


Second  EtUrton 

Price  One  Dollar 


tlM(M 


V-L^l'l-V^Q 


1Z'^\Q 


^it 


MMM 


ft        -* 


/ 


y/ . 


/ '  - 


THE  CHINOOK  BOOK 


A   DESCRIPTIVE   ANALYSIS    OF  THE  CHINOOK   JARGON    IN 

PLAIN  WORDS,  GIVING  INSTRUCTIONS  FOR  PRONUN- 

CIATION.   CONSTRUCTION,   EXPRESSION    AND 

PROPER  SPEAKING  OF  CHINOOK  WITH 

ALL     THE    VARIOUS     SHADED 

MEANINGS   OF   THE 

::     WORDS    !:: 


By  EL  COMANCHO 

(W.  S.  PUIipi) 


1/G.^ 


,^^< 


Copyriahtad  1913 
by  W.  S.  PUIwi 

AO  Common  Law  Rishu  Rocnrol  by  ihe  Author 


01 01 "4 


^,        LIBRARY 
NAWONAL  i,:o3:-lJW 
OF  CANADA 


R.  L.  DAVIS  PRINTING  CO. 

SEATTLE  WASH. 


t         *•'*•'*'■,. 


,    *     .        *   ,  *      •  .        «   t  t 


«  • 

'   •       •      • 
*J    *     * •    • , 


PREFACE 

Tins  UUOK  is  written  with  the  object  of  reducing  to 
understandable  English  one  of  the  most  flexible  of 
primitive  languages  ever  known.  In  a  few  years  the 
men  who  have  spoken  this  unwritten  jargon  and  de- 
pended on  it  as  a  means  of  communication  with  savage 
peoples  will  have  crossed  the  gr'^at  divide  and  with  them  will 
go  the  only  authority  on  Chinook.  Having  talked  Chinook  for 
nearly  thirty  years,  with  both  Indians  and  whites,  and  being  a 
trained  writer  for  all  these  years,  1  thought  it  "up  to  .me"  to 
record  the  Chinook  jargon  in  as  nearly  an  authoritative  way  as 
it  is  possible  to  do  it  in  English. 

This  I  have  done  in  this  little  book  as  well  as  1  am  able 
and  I  have  taken  care  to  record  the  REAL  Chinook  spoken 
•oundi  by  giving  like  English  sounds  in  example  words  instead 
of  depending  on  English  sound  symbols  to  fix  the  Chinook 
sounds. 

if  this  book  is  taken  as  a  Chinook  standard  of  spelling  there 
should  be  no  further  confusion  in  recording  anything  in  Chinook 
and  1  hope  for  the  sake  of  the  jargon  that  this  will  be  done. 

Contrary  to  common  belief,  the  Chinook  jargon  is  not  a 
product  of  the  Hudson  Bay  Company,  but  is  a  spontaneous 
growth  that  started  tirst  among  the  old  fur  traders  of  Nootka 
when  the  Spanish  first  made  a  fur  port  of  Nootka,  on  the  west 
coast  of  Vancouver  Island,  many  years  before  the  Hudson  Bay 
Company  existed.  The  jargon  grew  slowly  until  the  Hudson 
Bay  Company  began  to  use  it  as  a  trade  medium  .  This  com- 
pany enlarged  it  and  used  it  but  it  was  the  Astor  fur  people  at 
Astoria  who  finally  developed  it  into  the  present  excellent  terse 
medium  of  transferring  intelligence. 

Herein  I  have  recorded  the  words  and  meaning  of  the  fully 
developed  jargon  with  the  idea  of  preserving  it  for  all  time 
for  it  is  too  good  an  "infant  language"  to  be  lost  to  the  world. 

May  those  who  come  after  us  develop  it  still  further  until 
it  becomes  a  world  language,  for  it  is  easily  understood  and 
spoken  by  men  of  many  tongues  and  has  a  flexible  quality  that 
is  really  remarkable. 

"EL  COMANCHO." 


X^4XC 


Dedicated  to 

The  Seattle  Press  Club 

The  Tiimcums  or  Elttabs 

and  to  all  the 

"Htas  Ahncuttie  Tilacdms" 

of   the    Pacific   Coast    who 

have  used  this  queer  speech 

In    pioneer    work    for    the 

American  people. 


EXPLANATORY 


The  Chinook  jargon  is  not  a  Innffuage  in  the  ordinary  ac- 
cepted sense,  but  is  a  verbal  symbolism  ireated  by  a  spon- 
taneous combination  of  words  from  widely  different  languages, 
made  by  necessity  and  common  usage  into  a  trade  jargon  which 
is  at  once  graphic,  expressive,  and  exceedingly  elastic. 

One  may  learn  to  talk  Chinook  from  a  study  of  this  book 
but  he  cannot  learn  to  speak  it  fluently  without  considerable 
study  into  other  things  than  the  mere  jargon  itself. 

The  most  important  knowledge  to  possess  in  this  connec- 
tion is  a  thorough  understanding  of  the  Indian  point  of  view; 
that  is  to  say,  how  the  Indian  thinks,  the  mental  process  by 
which  he  arrives  at  an  idea  and,  in  addition  to  this,  a  knowl- 
edge of  his  method  of  expressing^  this  idea.  Without  this 
knowledge  you  can  never  speak  Chinook,  or  any  Indian  lan- 
guage, fluently. 

Compared  with  English  any  Indian  tongue  is  what  we 
would  call  "turned  around" — that  is  to  say,  the  construction 
of  all  Indian  languages  is  similar  to  German.     Chinook  when 

froperly  spoken  has  this  same  peculiarity.     For  instance:     An 
ndian  would  say,  "Have  you  my  father  seen?"  and  not  "Have 
you  seen  my  father?" 

A  great  many  people  wno  speak  Chinook  use  Chinook 
words  with  English  construction  of  sentences;  this  is  wrong. 
The  construction  should  be  always  Indian,  and  just  what  this 
means  I  will  show  by  example  sentences  further  on  in  this 
book  so  that  you  will  get  a  comprehensive  idea  of  how  Chinook 
should  be  put  together  to  express  any  idea. 

A  very  common  mistake  by  all  writers  who  have  tried  to 
put  Chinook  into  English  print,  either  in  dictionary  form  or 
otherwise,  has  been  faulty  spelling.  The  writer  has  always  been 
influenced  by  the  dialectic  English  idioms  peculiar  to  the  part 
of  the  country  where  he  spent  his  childhood  during  the  time 
he  learned  to  speak  English,  thus  the  New  Englander  says 
"Caow"  for  "Cow,"  the  New  Yorker  says  "N'Yawk"  for  "New 
York,"  etc.  This  has  caused  wide  variations  in  the  attempt  to 
translate  Chinook  into  English  through  phonetic  sounds  with 
cor.sequent  differences  in  spelling.  I  have  endeavored  in  this 
book  to  give  the  TRUE  Chinook  spoken  sounds  by  disregarding 
printed  sound  symbols  used  in  English  to  indicate  English  let- 
ter sounds  and  have  instead,  indicated  the  letter  or  word  sounds 
of  Chinook  by  using  English  words  having  sounds  the  same  as 
the  Chinook  ipoken  sounds  as  example  or  key  words  to  fix  the 


•  THE   CHINOOK   BOOK 

thM^ZrTlrl'Tu    ThinLV"  '•^'"^'^ber  in  speaking  Chinook 
Fn^l.-eS   1  '"Chinook   many    puttera     sounds    which    tl 

Tomi,!  ^^"^''T-  ^^'^  "°  '^"^'-  equivalent  for  but  which  a 
common  enough  in  German.  These  must  be  indicateJbv  cor 
parative  word  sounds  as  used  in  Engh'sh  "«'caiea  Dy  cor 

tonafintSiorTsJd^r; X'  s';tke;°"The"'?n^fl,^''"°°'^.  '■\'' 
tion  on  the  spoken  wo^d  in  Chilook  is^so  "re  ^""at^l  Hsi'n 
inflection  sometimes  makes  a  word  mean  one^h  ns  and  a  fa^ 
ingr  inflection  gives  the  same  word  a  totalirdifferent  metnin 

JJril  P"u^P'  r  "''"'^^'y  °PP"^'t^  meanrng  also  hT  way^ 
word  IS   spoken   has  a   tremendous   influence  on    meanfn^  ^ 

"t"imeTa's  "  ^r.f?.T]f  II  ^^'^.l"  ''■  '^  '^  --^^^^h?rT,lrJ. 
time  past     and   the   length   of  the   time     s   expressed   entirel 

Sj^cf  /.^K^  the  speaker  draws  the  word  out.  If  he  holds  th 
first,  syllable  a  l.ttle  time  the  word  means  a  weeL  or  a  montl 
or  SIX  months  ago;  if  he  holds  the  syllable  still  lc,ng?r  rn^neak 
jng.  the  time  is  correspondingly  increased:  in  othef  words  th 
longer  the  speaker  dwells  on  the  first  syllable  the  loTertim 
IS  expressed  m  the  understanding  of  the  hearer.     This  I  sS 

fectfrcTear   ^'^^    '"        '''*'"  ^''''^''  °"  ^°  '^^'  '*  -*"  be  per 

not  «i^e%Xd'^'v"nf  F  ""vVu  !^'  ^■'"^."l  '°""^  '"  Chinook  i 
not  "ie  broad  a  of  Enghsh  but  a  combination  of  the  Enelisl 
broad  "a"  with  "h"  as  in  "ah"  with  the  further  peculiarhl  o 
traihng  the   aspirate   "h"   longer   than   we   would  "^^n   the   wore 

Another  common  mistake  made  bv  those  who  have  tried  tc 
write  Chinook  IS  the  use  of  the  English  sound  of  "u'"  in  plac 
of  the  sound  of  "oo."  The  English  understanding  of  the  .soun 
of  oo  IS  more  musical  than  the  brond  "u"  and  the  "oo"  shoulc 
be  used  a  most  altogether  jn  Chinook  in  place  of  the  long  "u ' 
1  •  ■  ?  J-?  peculiarities,  together  with  others.  I  will  ex- 
plam  in  full  m  their  proper  place  so  that  the  meaning  and  shade« 
of  meaning  will  be  perfectly  clear. 

There  is  no  set  rule,  unfortunately,  for  spelling  Chinook 
den^nHH"*°  English,  therefore  the  phonetic  system  mSst  be 
depended  upon  entirely  and  I  shall  endeavor  to  make  a  fixed 
standard  of  spelling  Chinook  in  this  book  by  careful  analysis 
of  Chinook  sounds  as  spoken,  so  that  hereafter  writers  may  if 
they  will,  use  this  book  as  a  basis  of  fixed  spelling  of  Chinook 
words  and  thereby  avoid  a  great  deal  of  confusion  that  now 
exists  and  which  arises  from  the  endeavor  of  diflferent  writers 
to  translate  Chinook  sounds  into  English  words  without  being 
thoroughly  familiar  with  both  languages,  and  from  the  further 
handicap   of   the   dialectic   differences   of    English   itself  which 


THB  CHINOOK  BOOK  7 

exists  in  the.  different  sections  of  the  United  States  from  which 
the  writers  have  come. 

If  the  method  given  in  this  book  is  followed  hereafter  an 
English  standard  of  written  Chinook  sounds  will  be  established 
so  that  there  need  be  no  further  confusion  on  this  point.  I  have 
given  this  matter  painstaking  analytical  study  and  I  believe  I 
have  succeeded  in  translating  into  English  the  proper  sound  of 
the  Chinook  words  given  with  their  tonal  inflections  and  other 
peculiarities  as  they  are  actually  spoken.  Also  the  matter  of 
construction  of  Chinook  is  given  attention  and  the  methods 
laid  down  here  for  constructing  sentences  and  expressing  ideas 
are  probably  as  nearly  correct  as  it  is  possible  to  translate  them 
into  English.  Careful  study  of  the  spelling,  inflection  and  let- 
ter and  word  sounds  as  given  here  will  enable  anyone  to  speak 
Chinook  and  if  they  get  the  basic  Indian  idea  that  is  behind  it 
all  they  should  have  no  difficulty  in  talking  Chinook  fluently  as 
soon  as  they  can  memorize  the  words. 

Remember  always  that  the  Chinook  jargon  had  to  do  with 
a  primitive  people  who  were  surrounded  by  certain  natural 
phenomena,  who  had  certain  fixed  religious  principles,  mythic 
and  legendary  lore,  and  who  lived  a  nomadic,  outdoor  existence. 
All  of  these  things  have  had  great  influence  in  creating  the 
Chinook  jargon,  because  they  gave  a  certain  standard  of  idea 
construction  which  resolves  itself  ^  into  verbal  expression 
through  the  medium  of  the  Chinook  jargon;  therefore  Chinook 
is  a  reflection  of  limited  conditions  under  which  a  primitive 
people  lived.  Further,  these  people  were  brought  into  contact 
with  the  highly  superior  races  of  white  poeple,  each  with  a  fixed 
language  of  his  own  and  with  certain  ideals  and  surroundings 
of  his  own;  neither  people  could  at  first  understand  the  other 
and  the  necessity  arose  for  a  common  language  which  was  the 
spontaneous  growth,  now  called  the  "Chinook"  jargon.  It  is 
easy  then  to  see  that  ideas  from  many  sources  were  incor- 
porated in  this  jargon.  The  primitive  conditions  gave  it  a  very 
graphic  construction,  so  there  are  many  things  which  Chinook 
has  no  word  for  at  all  which  brings  us  to  the  association  of 
words  and  ideas  which  has  so  great  a  bearing  on  the  construc- 
tion of  the  Chinook  sentences.  As  an  instance  of  what  this 
means,  let  us  take  the  word  "Snass;"  That  is  a  native  word 
expressing  a  concrete  idea  for  it  means  "rain"  in  Chinook 
and  it  doesn't  mean  anything  ejse  but  rain.  We  all  know  that 
snow  is  frozen  rain  yet  there  is  no  Chinook  word  for  "snow" 
but  the  idea  of  snow  is  expressed  by  combining  a  corruption 
of  the  English  word*  "cold"  with  the  Indian  word  "snass  and 
thereby  we  get  "cole-snass"  which  is  the  Chinook  word  for 
"snow,"  the  literal  translation  being  "cold-rain"  which  expresses 
graphically  the  idea  of  snow. 

Another  peculiarity  of  Chinook  which  arises  from  its  graphic 
quality  is  the  use  of  such  words  as  "mamook."  "copo"  and  other 


8  THB   CHINOOK   BOOK 

words    of   like    character.      The    word    "mamook"    taken    al 

»n7^  *^v,°^-*^^  Chinook  jargon  because  it  is  the  only  ad 
word  in  the  jarpron  and  yet  it  is  not  a  verb  ns  there  are  ^t 
^l!!""  -^^  ^•''"r*  ^^  expressed  by  the  use  of  the  word  ": 
mook.  To  make  the  meaning  clear  in  connection  with 
word.  I  will  say  that  if  you  row  a  boat,  build  a  fire,  cut  wc 
shoot  a  duck,  or  do  anything  else  you  "mamook"  so  and 
yet  you  do  not  'mamook  come"  or  "mamook  go"  except 
certam  instances.  ^       ^^^-cpi 

"Klatawah"   taken   alone   means    "go,"   that   is,   "T    go" 

S*  V  1,  ^^"P^^^-  I  would  mean  that  you  were  to  "m 
go  which  would  correspond  to  the  English  slang  express 
ft  ;PL  ""rr  .°",.y°"'  Get  away  from  here;"  in  other  wo 
It  IS  an  authoritative  command  to  "go  away"  to  "get  oi 
This  will  be  fully  explained  in  its  proper  place  furthe?  on 
.u  .Xl^e  word  copo"  expresses  the  idea  of  "together  wi 
that  IS.  ;;i  go  together-with  you,"  or  "he  goes  together  w 
us,     or     put  this  article  together-with   that."     In   all   instan 

with  thf'T*"  '^'  ^"""^  ""P^"  '^  "^^^  t°  «=°"P'^  "P  "he  i, 
,^^  Fni^ll^  °"  ''"''  ^fi!  '*  r"  "°T*  ^  conjunction  as  iinderstr 
in  Engl  sh  grammar,  therefore  T  shall  call  "copo"  the  joini 
or  couphng  word  and  "mamook"  I  shall  call  the  action  w 

rMn°l^t  /."    ""/    "^^['y    ^    "^"^    ''^^^^"se    certain    usages 
Chinook  destroy  its  verb  power. 

.r,A  ^*  '^ '''I'^'fu '*  to  express  in  cold  type  the  ideas  that  gov* 
and  control  these  things,  yet  a  careful  study  wil!  bring  I 
understanding  of  it  all  as  you  begin  to  understand  the  Chino 
and  as  you  get  further  along  and  begin  to  talk  Chinook  y 
will  sense"  the  different  shades  of  meaning  which  are  giv 
to  words  by  the  actual  speech  and  I  do  not  believe  that  th( 
Ideas  can  be  thoroughly  understood  in  any  other  way 

As  applied  to  modern,  every-day  affairs  Chinook  lacks  ma 
words  because  many  things  common  enough  today  were  r 
in  existence  when  the  Chinook  jargon  was  created,  therefc 
there  is  _no_  word  for  them,  and  the  idea  must  be  expressed 
an  association  of  words  and  sometimes  even  by  an  associati 
of  Ideas  which  are  comparative  and  that  work  around  to  i 
Idea  in  the  same  sense  that  the  Chinaman  frequently  uses  t 
expression  Alice  same  as."  For  illustration  take  the  Chino^ 
word  tipso  which  alone  means  "hair."  There  is  no  dire 
Chinook  word  for  "grass"  but  the  idea  of  grass  is  exnress 
by  the   combination   of  the   words  "illahee  tipso"  or   literal! 

earth   hair.       In  like  manner  sand   is   called   "powder-groun^ 
and    a    payed    street    becomes    in    Chinook    "stone    oiehut" 
literally      stone     road"    and     a     skvscraper     becomes     "saha 
chickamun  tepee"  meaning  literally  "tall-iron-house,"  or  "hig 
iron-house,    and  which  by  a  closer,  further  analysis  of  the  fir 


THifl  CHINOOK   BOOK 


word  becomes  "hi'srh-up-above  iron-house,"  thus  conveying  the 
predominating  architectural  idea  of  the  building.  Tn  the 
«ame  way  "chick-chick"  is  a  wheel  but  if  you  say  "Kuitan 
chick-chick"  the  combination  of  words  expresses  the  idea  of  a 
wagon  or  any  wheeled  vehicle  drawn-by-horses,  and  if  you  say 
"piah"  which  is  a  corruption  of  the  English  word  "fire"  and  say 
"piah  chick-chick"  or  "piah  chickamun  chick-chick"  you  have 
expressed  the  idea  of  the  locomotive  or  "iron-wagon  that-runs 
by-fire." 

^  You  see  there  are  many  peculiarities  of  construction  in 
Chinook  and  these  peculiarities  themselves  have  many  angles 
which  make  Chinook  appear  very  complicated  but  it  is  not  so 
complicated  as  it  looks  because  its  graphic  qualities  make  it 
pliable  when  it  comes  to  the  expression  of  ideas.  You  have 
merely  to  remember  the  Indian  point  of  view  to  get  the  ex- 
pression of  almost  any  idea.  This  you  will  pick  up  very  quickly 
further  on  when  you  get  to  the  examples  of  constructed  sen- 
tences. These  sentences  in  Chinook  with  the  explanatory 
translation  will  very  quickly  give  you  the  Indian  point  of  view 
that  will  enable  you  to  understand  Chinook  and  without  which 
you  never  can  understand  it  nor  can  you  talk  it  fluently  without 
this  understanding  except  from  the  point  of  view  of  an  English 
speaking  person  and  the  jargon  will  thereby  lose  its  most  useful 
quality,  viz.,  its  ability  to  condense  an  idea  or  an  association 
of  ideas  into  a  few  brief  spoken  words.  Indeed  this  peculiarity 
is  so  marked  that  Chinook  could  almost  be  called  a  "verbal 
shorthand"  and  in  truth  it  is  a  "condensed  language"  yet  it 
lacks  many  of  the  fixed  rules  of  construction  needed  to  make 
a  language  and  therefore  remains  a  "jargon." 

German  methods  of  construction  of  sentences  are  more 
nearly  right  than  English,  yet  the  English  methods  are  entirely 
tmderstandable  and  in  many  instances  just  as  correct  as  German 
methods.  Neither  are  quite  "Indian"  and  just  what  "Indian 
methods"  are  no  man  can  explain  by  a  set  of  hard  and  fast 
"rules" — one  must  simply  learn  to  "sense"  constructive  methods 
by  actual  speaking  for  the  jargon  has  many  "short  cuts"  where- 
by ideas  are  expressed  without  saying  words  at  nil. 

If  there  is  any  one  characteristic  stronger  in  Chinook  than 
all  others,  it  is  that  flexible,  condensed,  "short  cut"  quality  that 
makes  so  much  understood  by  idea-association  or  inference. 
by  which  I  mean  that  many  times  "that  which  is  unsaid" 
means  as  much  or  even  more  to  the  understanding  of  the 
listener  as  that  which  he  gathers  from  a  mental  digest  of  the 
'vords  actually  spoken — a  point  that  can  be  understood  only 
by  hearing  a  conversation  in  Chinook. 

In  translating  English  words  into  Chinook  certain  letter 
rounds  in  English  change  always  into  other  letter  sounds  in 
Chinook,  and  thus  the  English  F  becomes  P  in  Chinook  as 
"Pish"  for  fish,  "Piah"  for  fire,  etc. 


10 


THB  CHINOOK   BOOK 


In   like   manner   English    D   becomes   T,   G   becomes 
R  becomes  L,  V  becomes  B  (or  sometimes  W)  and  Z  becc 
S  in   Chmook.     English   J  becomes   almost   the   German 
and  other  gutteral  sounds  become  very  nearly  the  Enelis 
or  Qh  or  Qw.  " 

Example:  English  "Vancouver"  becomes  in  Chir 
Bahn-coo-bah  (a  as  in  father).  T  letter  h  here  den 
the  hating  breath  sound"  that  in  T.nglish  would  make 
nrst  syllable  sound  as  though  it  were  .  ritten  "Baa-hn"  with 
*  as  in  father  and  the  n  nasal  as  used  by  the  New  Englar 
This  all  applies  ONLY  to  English  words  incorpor 
into  and  used  as  Chinook,  as  "fish"  "fire"  etc.,  where  thei 
no  other  real  Chinook  word  to  take  the  place  of  the  char 
or  adopted  English  word.  It  is  usually  in  use  more  when  pn 
names  are  spoken— that  is,  names  of  places,  towns,  people, 
^^  ..^^.°je^"  which  in  Chinook  sounds  becomes  "Zghorzgl 
while  "Jim"  would  be  "Chim"  in  Chinook. 


comes  Zgh, 
Z  becomes 

erman  "ch" 
English  Q 

n  Chinook 
ere  denotes 
1  make  the 
n"  with  the 
Englander. 
ncorporated 
;re  there  is 
he  changed 
irhen  proper 
people,  etc.. 
Ighorzgh-h" 


COMMON  WORDS  OF  THE   CHINOOK 

JARGON    WITH    THEIR    FULL 

AND  SHADED  MEANINGS 


(English  word  given  in  light  face  capitals  and  Chinook  word 

?'ven  in  black  face  capitals.  In  the  examples  following  the 
hinook  words  are  in  black  face  and  English  translations  in 
light  face.  English  words  in  parenthesis  are  the  unspoken 
words  needed  to  give  English  understanding  of  the  idea  con- 
veyed by  the  spoken  words,  and  show  how  Chinook  condenses 
ideas  into  a  few  spoken  words  leaving  much  to  be  inferred  or 
supplied  by  the  listener.) 

AYE!  — A-a-a-h 

A  as  in  fate  and  dwelled  on  as  a  level,  sustained,  accented 
sound  ending  with  a  short,  sudden  breath  sound  of  h. 
This  is  always  an  exclamation  used  to  confirm  or  agree  with 
something  a  speaker  has  already  said  or  is  used  by  the  listener 
to  denote  agreement  after  a  statement  has  been  made  by  some- 
one else. 

Examples:  "A-a-a-h" — "Yes,  that  is  so — it  is  the  truth — 
certainly — surely,"  etc.  When  the  speaker  uses  it  to  confirm 
his  own  statement  it  is  sounded  the  same  and  means  "I  have 
spoken  truly."  "What  I  said  was  the  truth."  "I  say  it  again, 
it  is  that  way,  the  truth  altogether." 

A-a-a-nahl 

A  as  in  fate;  hold  the  A  sound  and  end  with  explosive  short 

spoken  -nab-  with  a  as  in  father. 

This  word  is  almost  the  same  as  "A-a-a-hl"  and  means 
the  same  in  actual  use. 

A-a-a-e! 

A  as  in  fate;  e  as  in  eat;  a  sustained  sound  of  a  with  e  short  and 
explosive  at  end. 
This  word  is  interchangeable  with  above  two  in  meaning 


12 


THB  CHINOOK  BOOK 


and  is  also  further  used  to  express  wonder,  fear.  surpris< 
sympathy,  dependinpr  entirely  on  tonal  inflection  in  its 
An  upward  inflection  makes  it  mean  surprise  or  wond« 
spoken  short,  quick  and  explosive,  it  means  fear,  and  to  : 
It  softly  in  a  crooning  way  with  nearly  level  or  slight  dowr 
inflection,  turns  it  into  a  wordless  expression  of  sympathy 
commiseration. 

It   is   one   of   the    Indian    sounds    that    the    white    mar 
familiar   with    the    Indian    tongue    and    methods    r1a«!sifies 
"grunt"   just   as   he   does   the    Indian   "Ug!"   or   "Ueh!" 
"Ugh"). 


NOW  — THIS   TIME  — THE    PRESENT. 

ALTA 

A  as  in  at  in  first  syllable;  a  as  in  father  in  second  syll 
accent  -al-  and  pronounce  Al-tah  with  slight  breath  s 
of  h  at  end. 

This   word   means   "the   present   time."   "right   now." 
instant."     It  has  no  other  meaning  and   is  rigid,  that  is, 
never   "stretched"    to    mean    other    than    present    time    nor 
it  be  used  to  modify;  it  just  means  "right  now"  and  no( 
else. 

Examples:  "Chaco  yowah  alta,"  "Come  here  right  r 
"Alta  mika  mitlite  copo  house,"  "Now  you  stay  in  the  ho 
"Wake  aita  nika  klatawa,"  "Not  now  will  I  go."  (Ides 
cannot  go  just  now.") 


FUTURE  — BY  AND  BYE  — TIME  TO  COME. 

ALKI. 

A  as  in  at;  i  as  in  kick;  accent  -al-  and  pronounce  Al-kie 
the  last  syllable   short,  just  exactly  as   though   you   st£ 
to  aay  "kick"  and  only  got  as  far  as  "ki-." 
The  word  means  the  future,  any  time  in   the  future  '. 

"in  a  moment"  to  a  "thousand,  thousand  years  from  now." 
length  of  time  in-the-futura  is  indicated  by  using  the  wor 
a  slow,  drawling  way  to  mean  "in  a  little  while,"  and  fni 
lengthening  the  indicated  time  by  prefixing  first.  "Tenas" 
tie)  then  by  discarding  "Tenas"  and  using  "Delate"  (much 
a  prefix,  then  by  drawing  out  the  word  "Delate"  by  hoi 
the  syllable  -a-  (exactly  as  used  with  ahncuttie,  to  ind: 
length  of  time  past)  and  then  by  adding  "Hiyu"  (many)  as  a 


THB  CIUNOOK  BOOK 


13 


[fix  to  "Delate,"  and  then  by  drawing  out  the  syllable  -hi-  of 
r'hiyu,"  and  last  by  drawing  out  all  three  words  (see  ahncuttie) 
I  which  gives  the  meaning  of  the  farthest  possible  future  time. 
I  The  word  means  exactly  the  opposite  of  ahncuttie  and  its  future 
ftime  value  is  indicated  in  exactly  the  same  way  by  the  same 
pretix  words  used  in  the  same  way  with  both  time  words — 
[Alki,  time  to  come;  Ahncuttie,  time  already  gone  by. 

Examples:     "Alki  nilu  chaco,"   "By  and    bye    I    come." 
"Tenas  alki  mika  klatowa,"  "In  a  little  while  he   (will)  go." 
"Delate  alki  mika  nanage,"  "In  a  long  time  you  will  see  (it)." 
"Hiyu  delate  alki,"  "(It  will  be)  a  long  long  (very  long)  time 
I  (yet)."    "Hi-i-i-yu  dela-a-a-te  a-a-a-a-lki,"  "A  very  great  long- 
i  time-in-the-future."     (Perhaps  a  hundred  years  from  now). 
"Wake  alkL"    "Not  long  (yet)." 
"Alki  mika  iskum."    "By  and  bye  I  (will)  get  (it)." 


future  from 


SISTER. 
ATS. 

A  as  in  hat;  accent  a  and  pronounce  At-s-s  with  hissing  sound 
of  s  to  end  the  word. 

The  word  means  "sister"  and  nothing  else  and  is  not  very 
commonly  used.  "Elip  tenas  klootchman"  is  more  commonly 
used  to  mean  "my  younger  sister"  and  "Kimtah  tenas  klootch- 
man" to  mean  "My  older  sister."    "Ats"  is  correct  for  "sister" 

[however. 

TIME  PAST. 

AHNCUTTIE. 

[A  as  in  father;  nasal  n;  u  as  in  cut;   accent — ahn — and  pro- 
nounce  Ahn-n-cut-ty,   holding   the   accented   syllable   -ahn- 
^ightly  on  the  nasal  n  as  in  the  French  "oong." 

The  word  taken  alone  means  time  that  has  past  or  gone. 
If  spoken  as  printed  above,  it  means  very  lately,  five  minutes 
ago,  an  hour  ago,  a  few  hours  ago  or  any  like  short  period  of 
time  gone  by.  To  express  longer  time,  hold  the  first  syllable 
-ahn-  by  prolonging  the  nasal  n— sound  thus,  Ahn-n-n-n.  The 
longer  this  "n"  sound  is  prolonged  the  longer  the  indicated  time 
past;  usually  a  rather  high,  sustained  pitch,  or  inflection,  is 
given  to  this  prolonged  "n"  sound  and  the  balance  of  the  word 
I  IS  then  spoken  quickly  and  with  a  decided  drop  in  tone-pitch 
so  that  It  sounds  thus:    Ahn-n-n-nJ 

[cuttie,  which  means  "A 
very  long,  long  time  ago,"  just  as  we  would  use  the  idea  in  be- 
ginning a  fairy  story  for  children.     Further  time  past  is  indi- 


14 


THB  CHINOOK  BOOK 


cated  by  using  "Delate"  (much)  before  the  Ahncuttiei 
further  time  past  is  indicated  by  holding  and  drawing  on 
syllable  "-a-"  in  "Delate"  to  equal  the  nasal  "n"  as  prolona 
Ahncuttie,  but  the  inflection,  or  accent,  of  "Delate"  is 
dropped  as  it  is  in  Ahncuttie.  Spoken  thus  to  indicate  a 
ceedingly  long  time  (hundreds  of  years)  ago  the  words  be 
this:    "De-la-a-a-a-a-te  ahn-n-n-n| 

Icuttie"  with  "e"  of  "D< 
sounded  long  as  in  beef  and  "a"  as  in  fate.  If  still  longer 
idea  IS  needed  then  "Hism  (many)  (i  as  in  high,  u  as  in 
is  used  as  a  prefix  for  "Delate"  and  then  still  more  time  is  s 
ed  by  holding  or  drawing  out  the  -hi-  syllable  of  Hiyu  so 
thus  expressed,  time  dates  back  to  the  very  beginning  of  t 
"before  anyone  knows  about"  and  you  express  this  idea 

•Hi-i-i-i-i-i-yu  de-la-a-a-a-a-te  ahn-n-n-n-n-n| 

,   .  Icuttie,"       mei 

many-much-long  ago,"  as  an  exclamation  with  the  high 
pitch  sustained  from  the  beginning  of  -hi-  to  the  sudden 
at  -cuttie-.  Thus,  "ahncuttie"  by  length  or  shortness  o 
spoken  word,  and  its  combinations  with  other  words,  bee 
a  comparative  measure  of  any  length  of  time  past  and 
always  used  shortened  or  drawn  out  as  above  to  fit  the  ! 
tion,  so  its  meaning  is  very  soon  understood  exactly  in  a 
use.  To  shorten  the  time  to  less  than  that  indicated  b^ 
word  spoken  shortly,  the  prefix  "Tenas"  (small  or  little) 
tails  the  time  in  the  same  way  that  holding  the  syllable  i 
indicates  length — and  by  using  "Hiyu"  as  a  prefix  for  "T( 
the  time  is  still  further  shortened  until  "Hiyu  tenas  ahncu 
used  as  an  exclamation  and  spoken  quickly  would  mea 
speaking  of  something  that  had  just  happened,  'hat  the  she 
possible  time  had  passed  since  such  happening.  The 
"Ahncuttie"  is  not  much  used,  however,  in  this  short-time  i 
but  is  nearly  always  used  to  indicate  a  longer  time-ago,  i 
time  being  indicated  more  often  by  "Wake  lalie"  (not  long  ; 
"Ahncuttie"  being  usually  reserved  for  long  periods  of 
passed  "a  long  time  ago"  being  the  usual  use  of  "Ahncutti 
actual  conversation. 


AN  AMERICAN. 

BOSTON. 

Same  as  English. 

"Boston  man"  was  used  in  the  early  days  to  distinj 
an  American  from  Spanish,  French  or  English.  Since 
United  States  has  owned  the  Northwest  the  word  has  us 
been  used  to  mean  a  white  man  of  any  nationality  as 
tinguished  from  an  Indian  and  this  is  the  common  use  t< 

Examples:     "Chim,  yahka   Bos'n   man."     "Jim,   he   ( 


THB  CHINOOK  BOOK 


IS 


irhite  man."  (Note:  In  speakinff  the  word  "Botton"  the  In- 
lian  usually  leaves  out  the  sound  of  "t"  and  "o"  following  it 
md  makes  the  word  "Bos'n"). 

BABY. 
HEBE. 

Pronounce  as  though  written  bee-bee. 

Used  only  to  mean  "baby"  or  "infant"  or  "infant-like." 
I  Never  used  to  mean  a  small  child  that  is  large  enough  to  talk — 
always  the  small,  helpless  baby  and  nothing  else,  though  it  is 
used  to  mean  "baby-horse,"  "baby-dog,"  etc.,  meaning  a  very 
Ismail  or  "baby"  animal  in  this  case.  It  covers  the  idea  of 
I  "baby,"  a  small  baby,  as  understood  in  English  and  is  used 
[just  as  we  use  the  word  "baby." 

Examples:  "Okeoke  nika  bebe,"  "That  is  my  (little) 
Ibaby."  "Yahka  tenas  kowmux  bebe,"  "He  (is  a)  little  puppy 
[(dog-baby)."  "Nika  klap  mox  ena-bebe,"  "I  found  two  beav- 
[er-babies." 

CANOE  — BOAT  OF  ANY  KIND. 
CANIBf. 

IC  has  sound  of  k;  a  as  in  fate;  i  as  in  swim;  accent  -nim-  and 
pronounce  Kay-nim. 

"Canim"  is  usually  used  to  indicate  a  Siawash  canoe  though 
jit  is  frequently  used  to  mean  any  boat,  the  particular  kind  of 
J  boat  being  made  plain  by  prefix  words  in  the  sentence. 

Examples:    "Hyas  piah  canim,"   "A  big  fire-boat."     (Idea: 

"A  big  boat  that  goes-by-fire" — "a  steamer.")     "Stick  canim," 

"A   sailing   ship."     (This   may   also  be   mentioned   as   a  "sail 

canim"  though  "gail  canim"  usually  means  a  small  sail-boat) 

"Hyas   chicamun    canim,"    "A    big   iron    boat,"    "a    steamer." 

I  ("Piah  canim"  is   more   often   used   to   mean   "steamer"   than 

r'Chicamun  canim"  is — the  latter  being  more  apt  to  be  used  to 

jmean  "a  boat  built-of-iron"  whether  steamer  or  sailing  vessel.) 

I"Canim  stick,"   "A  mast."     ("Canim  saU-stick"  is  also  used  to 

Imean  "a  mast").     (Note:     "Boat,"  the  English  word,  is  quite 

loften  used  nowadays  to  mean  any  boat  other  than  a  canoe  and 

■"canim"  used  to  mean  "canoe"  alone.) 

COAT  — CLOAK. 
CAPO. 

C  has  k  sound;  a  as  in  fate;  o  as  in  oat;  accent  -po-  and  pro- 
nounce Kay-poh. 

"Capo"  is  from  the  French  "Capot"  and  is  one  of  the  many 


M 


THB   CHINOOK   BOOK 


French  words  incorporated  into  Chinook.  It  is  not  very  much 
used,  however;  (indeed  very  few  of  the  French  words  can  b« 
called  "active"  nowadays  in  the  Chinook  and  most  of  them  will 
not  be  used  at  all  before  many  years). 

Examples:  "Nika  capo,"  "My  coat."  "Okeoke  capo  niki 
klootchman,"    "That   cloak    (.belongs    to)    my    woman    (wife).' 

GRANDiMOTHER. 

CHITSH. 

Chi-  as  in  chicken;  -tsh-  togctlier  with  slight  sound  of  short  i  a: 
"tish";  accent  -chit-  and  pronounce  Chit-(,i)sh. 
This  word  is  rarely  used  and,  while  it  is  Chinook,  not  on« 

Chinook  speaker  in  a  hundred  would  know  its  meanmg  except 

around  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  River. 

GRANDFATHER. 
CHOPE. 

Accent  -cho-  and  pronounce  Cho-pe. 

What  is  said  about  "Chitsh"  also  applies  to  "Chope."  Botl 
words  are  used  only  in  a  small  territory  at  the  mouth  of  th< 
Columbia  River  and  are  almost  obsolete  so  far  as  general 
understanding  of  Chinook  goes. 

WITH  —  TOGETHER  WITH  —  HERE  —  THERE  - 
YONDER  —  AT  —  IN  —  OUT  —  OVER  —  UNDER  —  BY 
—  FOR  —  FROM  —  TO  —  INTO  —  BESIDE  —  AWAY 
FROM  —  OUT  OF  —  THROUGH  —  INSTEAD  —  THAI 
PLACE  —  THIS  PLACE  —  THE  SAME  AS  —  IN  PLACE 
OF  —  AROUND  —  TOWARDS  —  ON  —  OFF,  ETC. 

COPO 

Give  c  sound  of  k;  both  o's  as  in  oat;  just  a  trace  of  h  sound  a 

end;  accent  -co-  and  pronounce  Ko-poh. 

Very  frequently  this  word  is  spoken  with  a  "t"  at  the  end 
in  this  case  the  second  "o"  sound  very  nearly  disappears  an( 
the  word  becomes  when  spoken  more  hke  Ko-p't  with  "o"  lonj 
sound  as  first  syllable  and  so  shortened  in  last  syllable  as  t( 
sound  almost  "pt."  1  think  this  form  is  in  fact  the  most  com 
monly  used  but  the  meaning  is  always  the  same.  This  word  cai 
be  described  as  a  "coupling  word"  to  connect  any  two  words,  an; 
two  ideas,  any  combination  of  ideas  or  to  couple  thing  t( 
thing,  man  with  thing,  man  with  man,  place  with  place,  objec 
with  place  or  thing,  etc.     It  is  one  of  the  most  hard  worke< 


I'i 


THS  CHINOOK  BOOK 


17 


Iwords  in  Chinook  because  it  fit&  in  almost  any  place  where  a 

■"coupler"  or  joining  word  is  needed.     Its  uses  are  manifold  a» 

Ian  adverb  and  conjunction  and  it  is  at  the  same  time  the  prin- 

Icipal  preposition  used  in  Chinook — yet  it  is  not,  according  to 

English  grammar,  cither  an  adverb,  conjunction  ->r  preposition. 

It  is  really  just  what   1   call  it,  a    'coupling  word."     In  some 

f  cases  it  conveys  an  idea  and  then  in  the  next  sentence  it  may 

be  used  to  bring  out  an  exactly  opposite  meaning.    Taken  alone 

it  means  at,  in,  out,  over,  under,  around  about,  within,  together- 

with,  for,  from,  to,  into,  out  of,  towards,  away  from,  here,  there, 

yonder,    alongside    of,    than,    in    there,    that    place,    this    place, 

through,  instead,  in  place  of,  all  the  same  r.s,  of,  on,  and  man> 

more.     It  is  a  "handy"  word— use  it  when  nothing  else  seems 

to  ht  to  join  ideas  together  and  you  can  hardly  get  it  used  in 

the  wrong  place. 

Examples:  "Chaco  copo  nika,"  "Come  with  me/'  "Mox 
i  man  klatawa  copo,"  "Two  men  went  (or  go)  together.  ^*^* 
nika  nanage  kowmux  copo  mika,"  "1  saw  no  dog  with  you." 
"Copo  kah?"  "Where?"  (.or  whereabouts?)  "Meiika  wawa  copo 
ictas  copo  yowah  copo  ict  sun  copo  cole  pe  klosh  nanage  kcma- 
way  man  copo  metika."  This  means  "We  talked  ABOUT  things 
OVER  there  KOR  one  day  IN  winter  and  all  men  kept  close 
watch  ON  us."  Capital  letters  denote  use  of  word  "Copo." 
This  sentence  shows  how   the   word  can  "fit  almost  any- 

where and  have  many  different  meanings  an^  11,  taken  all 
together  with  other  words,  convey  a  fixed  descri^  vc  idea.  Prac- 
tice in  speaking  Chinook  very  quickly  makes  the  use  of  it 
almost  automatic  and  it  is  always  at  the  tip  of  the  tongue  ready 
to  use  anywhere. 

COME  —  TO  COME. 

CHACO. 

Ch  should  be  given  a  slight  t  sound  as  -tch-  (but  very  slightly 
so);  a  as  in  father;  c  has  the  sound  of  k;  o  as  in  oat;  accent 
-cha-  and  pronounce  (T')chah-ko. 

This  word  is  the  commanu  "Come!"  when  used  alone,  but 
it  is  also  very  flexible  and  is  used  to  indicate  past,  present  or 
future  "come" — (I  did  come,  1  come,  1  will  come)  and  is  used 
to  indicate  the  act  of  "coming"  on  the  part  of  anyone  or  any- 
thing else  in  the  past,  present  or  future.  It  is  always  used  as  a 
prefix  to  indicate  the  idea  of  "come,  came,  will  come,  did 
come,  may  come,  intends  to  come,"  or  any  other  idea  covering 
"come"  past,  present  or  future.  It  is  one  of  the  very  common 
words  of  Chinook  and  covers  a  multitude  of  situations. 

Examples:  "Nika  chaco,"  "I  come."  Mesika  chaco  wake 
lalic,"  "They  (will)  coaie  not  long  (before  long  or  soon)." 
"Okeoke  canim  chaco  kokshut,"     "That  canoe  comes   (or  has 


18  TUB  CHJNOOIC  BOOK 

come,  really  i«)  all  broken  up."  "Nika  bcbe  chaco  memalo 
"My  baby  comes  (is)  dcad.''^  "KUxtah  chaco?  "Who  (wj 
came?"  "Kahtah  mika  chaco?"  "How  (did)  you  co 
"Konce  chaco?"  "How  many  came?"  (The  same  v 
"Konce  chaco"  also  mean  "How  mucli  came"  or  "How  i 
(or  how  many)  will  come?"  depending  on  subject  and 
roundings  when  used.) 

MONEY-  METAL  OF  ANY  KIND. 

CHICKAMUN. 

Chick-  as  in  chicken;  a  as  in  father;  u  as  in  up;  accent  -c 
and  pronounce  Chick-a-mun. 

This  word  primarily  means  "money"  especially  metal  c 
It  is  also  the  "metal"  word,  any  kind  of  motal  in  any  for 
alwitys  "chickamim"  and  the  wurd  is  qualitied  by  either  a  p 
or  a  following  word  tixing  the  kind  of  metal  or  the  sha( 
color  of  the  metal. 

Examples:  "PU-chickamun,"  "Gold"  (or  literally 
metal").  "T'kope-chickamun,"  "Silver"  (or  literally  "y 
metal").  "Klale  Chickamun,"  "Iron"  (or  literally  "black  mei 
"Chickamun-lope,"  "Wire"  or  "wire  rope."  "Chicki 
opitsah,"  a  "metal  knife"  (used  to  mean  a  steel  knife),  "i 
chickamun,"  "Is  the  metal  good?"  or  "The  me'al  is  good"  ( 
in  talking  of  tools,  knives,  etc.,  and  means  literally  "Th 
good  steel"  or  "Is  this  good  steel?").  "Chickamun"  al 
means  the  metal  and  it  can  be  qualitied  in  very  numerous 
tu  cover  any  metal  in  any  form  by  use  of  pretix  or  folio 
words  associating  the  metal  idea  with  the  subject  in  hand 

A  WHEEL. 
CHICK-CHICK. 

Chick-   as   in   chicken;   accent   first   syllable   and   pronounc 
written. 

The  primary  meaning  is  "wheel"  but  it  is  flexible  en 
to  mean  any  number  of  wheels,  any  kind  of  a  wheel, 
wheeled  vehicle,  any  wheeled  machine,  etc.  The  exact  n 
ing  is  governed  by  use  of  qualifying  words  or  by  the  ui 
the  word  "chick-chick"  to  qualify  some  combination  of  < 
words — but  it  always  fixes  the  "wheel"  or  "has  wheels"  o 
wheels"  or  "runs  on  wheels,"  idea. 

Examples:  "Chick-chick,"  "A  wheel."  "Chick-chick  1 
wa."  "Go  on  (or  by)  a  wagon."  "Chickamun  chick-chick 
hut,"  "A  railroad  track"  (literally,  "A  metal  wheeled-vel 
road"  or  "A  metal  road  for  wagons").    "Piah  shick-chick. 


THB  CHINOOK  BOOK 


If 


;cent  -chick- 


renounce  as 


locomotive"  (literally,  a  fire  wagon,  or  really  a  go«i-by-fire 
Iwaaon).  "Chick-chick  wtwa-copo-aun  icU,"  "A  dock,  or  (lit- 
eral idea  expressed)  "A  thing  of-wheel»  (that)  talks-time-the- 
same-as  tl.e-Sun."  (This  same  .lea  of  clock  could  aUo  be  ex- 
pressed as  "Sun-wawa-icta."  (Sun  talk(ing)  thmg)  or  as  Y«hk« 
icta  wawa  kwoneium  k«hkw«  aun,"  "Ihat  thing  that  talks  (tells 
lime)  always,  the  sanu-as  the  sun."  These  different  methods  ot 
idea  expression  show  the  way  an  Indian  is  apt  to  use  word 
combinations  to  express  an  idea  when  he  does  not  know  a 
detinite  name-word  meaning  for  the  thing  he  wants  to  talk 
about. 

WATER  — ANY  LIQUID  SUBSTANCE. 

CHUCK. 

Pronounce  exactly  the  same  as  English. 
"Chuck"  primarily  means  "water"  but  is  flexible  and  ts  used 
to  mean  the  idea  of  liquid  of  any  kind  though  more  commonly 
used  in  connection  with  and  to  mean  water.  The  words  used 
befoie  or  '^  r  it  fix  its  meaning  and  the  word  chuck  used 
before  or  alf  other  words  fix  the  meamng  of  the  other  word 
to  be  "connc.ed  with"  water  or  liquid. 

Examples:     "Okeone  chuck,"  "That  (is)  water  "    "Okeoke 
pil-chuck."  "That  (is)  blood"  (literally  "red  water").     ^Okeoke 
cultas   t'-kope-chuck,"   "That    (is)    bad    white-water      (literally 
meaning   a   river   rapid   or   a   breaking   sea,   etc.).    ^^^°^f^,: 
chuck   okeoke."   "Good   water   that    (is).;*     "Hyw   -It-chuck, 
"Great    (everywhere)     salt    water."      (Literally      the    ocean.  ) 
"Turn-chuck,"  "Water-that-falls."     "Neaikji  chaco  copo  chuct 
•We   came   over    (or   on)    the   water."     "Kah  okaoke  .chuck? 
•Where  is  that  water?"    "Nika  comtox  Skagit  chiick?      Do  you 
know    (or  know  where  is  the)   Skagit  River?"     "Halo  mucka- 
muck   okeoke   culUs-chuckl"   "Do   not   drink   that   bad    waterl 
(It  is  bad,  not  fit  to  drink)." 

Almost   any    combination    of   words    can    be   used    so    that 
"chuck"  couples  the  "water  idea"  or  "liquid  idea    with  the  other 
idea  or  ideas  in  mird,  the  shades  of  meaning  bemg  made  clear 
by   the   combination-use   to   express   the   definite   idea.       *'ian- 
chuck"  thus  means  "whiskey"  (or  any  liquor  containing  alcohol) 
but  the  actual  word  is  the  combination  of     fire     and     water 
meaning    "The-water-that-is-as-hot-to-the-taste-as-fire  -^all    this 
idea  being  condensed  into  the  idea-symbol     firewater     by  use 
of    the    word   "chuck"    (water)    prefixed    by    the    word      Piah 
(fire)    so   that   the    simple    saying   of   "firewater      (piah-chuck) 
covers  the  whole  alcoholic-liquor  catalogue  in  the  hearer  s  mind 
and  yet  at  the  same  time  makes  his  mental  process  single  out 
•whiskey"  as  the  special  or  commonly-used  meaning  because 
whiskey  is  the  ttrongsat  or  most  "fiery"  of  all     firewauri. 


20 


THB  CHINOOK  BOOK 


"Tar-;   could   be   "klale   sitkum-chuck"   or   "black    half-wate 
meaning  "a-black-substance  that  is  half-fluid"  or  "half-^at 

;„„  '^^,"^  '"  *if  °/..^^'",  °'"  ^"■'l  can  be  expressed  by  remembi 
mg  that  "chuck"  is   the  word   for  "water"  or  "water-   ke"' 
anything  of  fluid  or  liquid  nature.     Just  how  youTse    t  mi 

fhe '•chu°ck  '^""h  r?  l^^^  ^^T-  ^^''^  y°"  ^^^  •"  relation 
the     chuck,     what  it  has  to  do  with  the  subject  in  hand  ai 
many  other  things  that  bear  on  "chuck"  but  you  can  aiwa 
use  1    to  mean  "water"  or  "liquid"  or  "fluid"  of  any  kind  ai 
It  will  be  right  in  Chinook.  ^ 


BAD. 

CULTAS. 

C  has  sound  of  k;  u  as  in  cup;  a  as  in  hat;  end  with  shorten. 
KutTai  '  °"  ^"'^^     '^"'"'   ■*^"'-  ^"'^  PronouS! 

"Cultas"  alone  means  "baa."     Different  degrees  of  bad  ai 

Sain  '*'cuk/s  ^""''f  ^'^  ^°'i°"-"P  "°^^^  ^°  mfke  the  meL:! 
P  .';  ,>""^^,  's  always  the  opposite  of  "klosh"  (good)  ar 
many  times  the  opposite  of'skookum"  (strong),  bein^  thi 
used  to  convey  the  idea  of  weakness,  particularly 'of  structur 
weakness  ot  tabnc  or  material.  A  sometimes-use  of  "c-a  u« 
makes  it  have  (as  a  qualifying  word)  a  meaning  of  "pleasur; 

t^us  V-nr..'^"'"'^  °PP°'""  "'  "°"^™^"  °^  "^"^J  "meaning  an 
.o^/  peasure  trip'  or  trip  taken  entirely  for  pleasure  b< 
comes  in  Chinook  a  "cultas-cooley"  and  "cultas"  thereby  lose 
iheTdeT'T .°  ••''ad'^nd  is  transformed  into  a  word  covi?m 
the  idea  ot  pleasure"-which  is  one  of  the  curious  twists  on 
hnds  occasionally  m  speaking  Chinook. 

of  "b?H '''"wo°r!^M°""??°"  "'.^  is.  however,  to  bring  out  the  ide 
ot  bad,  worthless,"  "useless,"  "worn  out,"  "no  jrood "  "list 
less."  "imperfect."  "defective,"  "no  strength."  etc 

Examples:  "Mesika  klatawa  copo  cultas  cooley."  "We  wil 
cultis'h'/h".  f»n"^^  °"  a  pleasure  trip."  "Yahka  m4n  mamool 
cultas  hehe  tanze  copo  kah  mitlite."  "That  man  made  a  danc 
mg  party  at  his  home."  (Literally,  "That  man  made  (o?  gave 
a  pleasure-dance  in  the  house  where  he  makes  his  home."; 

Usual  use  examples:  "Okeoke  cultas,"  "That  is  bad"  (oi 
no  good).  "Nika  cultas  tumtum,"  "1  mourn"  (or  feel-badlv-in 
my  mind).  "Mahsh  okeoke  cultas  esick."  "Throw  away  ^tl  a 
bad    (poor    defective,   useless)   paddle."     "Okeoke   cSS^  hya- 

iro?k""o  L  nnJ"  **^,"*^*•  ^^?  mamook."     "No-good  1;  nol 
work    (1  am  not  well,  not  fetiing  good,  (and)  will  not  work 


THB  CHINOOK  BOOK 


21 


*Chim  delate  cultas  man,"  "Jim  is  a  ve 


\^iSSi/ 


(now)  at  this  time). 
bad  man.** 

The  negative  idea  "not  srood"  (wake  klosh)  is  very  fre- 
quently used  in  place  of  "cultas"  but  it  is  usually  understood 
to  have  less  force  than  "cultas" — that  is.  if  you  say  "Okeoke 
wake  klosh,"  you  say  "That  is  not  good"  (or  no  srood').  but 
it  infers  that  in  your  opinion  "that  is  no  good."  In  other  words, 
it  is  not  a  positive  assertion,  whereas  if  you  say  "Okeoke  delate 
cultas,"  you  say  positively  that  "That  is  bad  (or  no  good"),  and 
beyond  a  doubt  you  know  it  to  be  bad  or  no  good  in  this  case 
while  you  are  not  sure  about  it  when  you  say  "Wake  klosh." 


GUN. 

CALIPEEN. 

C  has  sound  of  k;  a  as  in  hat;  i  as  in  hit;  ee  as  in  seen;  accent 
-cal-  and  pronounce  Kal-lip-peen. 

Chinook  word  meaning  "gun"  of  any  kind,  used  just  as 
"gun"  is  used  in  English. 

Examples:  "Okeoke  nika  calipeen,"  "That  is  my  gun." 
"Mox  calipeen,"  "Double  barreled  gun"  (two-gun  gun).  "Hisru 
mamook-poo  calipeen,"  "A  repeating  gun"  (many-shoot  gun). 
"Tenas  calipeen."  "Pistol"  (little  gun").  "Stick  calipeen,"  "Bow" 
(wood  gun).  This  last  is  usually  used  thus.  "Siawash  stick- 
calipeen"  (Indian  wood-gun). 


BULLET  —  ARROW  —  SHOT. 

CALITAN. 

C  has  sound  of  k;  a  as  in  hat;  i  as  in  hit;  a  as  in  ran;  accent 
-cal-  and  pronounce  Cal-li-tan. 

Chinook  word  for  "bullet"  or  "arrow."  A  missle  thrown  or 
fired  from  a  gun,  small  shot;  never  used  in  any  other  sense. 

Examples:  "Okeoke  hyas  calitan,"  "That  is  a  big  bullet." 
"Nika  tika  tenas  calitan  copo  nika  calipeen,"  "I  want  some  shot 
for  my  gun."  "Hyas  tenas-calitan,"  "Large  size  of  shot." 
"Spose  mika  mamook  klosh  calitan  copo  siwash  stick-calipeen- 
— nah?"  "Can  you  make  good  arrows  for  a  bow — yes?"  "Yahka 
mowitch  chaco  memaloose  copo  calitan  copo  siawash  stick 
calipeen,"  "(That  deer)  he  (was)  came  killed  with  an  arrow 
from  an  Indian  bow." 


^  THU  CHINOOK  BOOK 

NEW. 
CHEE. 

Ch   as^^in   chicken;   ee  as   in   beef;   accent   -ee-   and   pronou 

(one)    new   canoe."     "Mika   chee-chaco?"   "rArl?'  *  ' 

(tLI  lasf 'cfn  t"?ith^^^h?re^;;o:^I"sTha^'^  ^'''I't 

on  Vow  ^"r*  °.'  f-\"Tl^at  isT;1w°"baby.''*d?pend;r:ent'r 
on  how  and  under  what  circumstances  you  use  t^  ^^'^= 
connection   with  the  idea  to  be  exoressed  {^    "ChZ  a^ 

way  or  another  covers  the  whole  id'ia  of  '^w.'^^"     "''^  ' 

UNDERSTAND  -  I  UNDERSTAND  -  DO  YOU  UNDE 
STAND?  -  RECOGNIZE  -  BELIEVE  _  K NO^ 

COMTOX. 

"^  'pro^rn'ce^^K'o^mVox/"  ^^'"^^  °  ^'  ■"  -=  -«-  —  a 

way"^lTvof  di'  nr'/^'"^^  T""^  f"*-  """^erstand"  in  eve 
Sito,»^»= J  ••  '^''  "°*'  ""derstand  the  case  is  covered  1 
^riJ^?  A  ^  'P.  some  way.  Understanding,  positive  knov 
fixfs  the  f.'^?^";''°"/"  all  "comtox"  in  Chinook  The  wo 
S     |ehi  f  f  Sv^r- ^L^-:-^^r — r   i£ 

for''uXs?and'Mn^"mr;?y.'"*  ''  "  ^'^^^^  ^  ^y'"*'^'  -- 

tox  nfki"'5''"T-  "?'''"  ^T^°^\  "^  "nderstand."  "Halo  cor 
me  ")  "KloJh  n"/n="''"^  Jl°*u  ^Literally.  "No  understan 
^-t,  A  ^  nanage  pe  klosh  comtox,"  "Watch  closelv  ar 
get  a  good  understanding  (or  knowledge  of)  "  ( Literals   "Cor 

hulot/"™'anfo°ok"  ""f  "k^*^"'  /'^'^'^      "Nika    cimfex    W 
(kindTof?^^rt»    '.M-u''"°'^    ^°'"   ""^^"tand)    many   diflFere, 
VKmas  ot)  work.        Mika  comtox  pepah  wawa?"    "Do  vnu  nt 

omlll'^''%''T'^V'    ^^'^"  y°"  "-^^^  and  wrTte?).   "MahTnS 
u°nKandi^,'X?e)^')"'^"       ^^'^"^"^'  "^'^^°-"  ^^^    ^  - 


,.|-* 


THB   CHINOOK  BOOK 


23 


pronounce 

'le  enough 

somethinjf 

me  a  great 

«c  or  time 

"That  is  a 

5u    a   new- 

a  opitsah," 

).     "Chee- 

ake  a  new 

(is)    that." 

'w  baby?" 

I  T  entirely 

words  in 

used  one 


UNDER- 
'lOW. 


com-  and 

in  every 
>vered  by 
'e  know!- 
Phe  word 
;ver  it  is 
)rds  used 
:her  with 
letermine 
bol  word 

alo  com- 
derstand. 
isely  and 
y.  "Good 
:ox  hiyu 
diflFerenl 
you  un- 
ihsh  nika 
»y,  I  my 


CAMAS. 

(Camm!\sia  Esculenta.) 

CAMAS. 

C  has  sound  of  k;  a  as  in  hat  (both),  accent  -cam-  and  pro- 
nounce Kam-mas. 

The  name  of  a  bulb  formerly  used  as  food  by  the  Indians 
all  over  the  West.     The  root  bulb  of  the   Cammasia   Es- 
culenta (see  botany  for  particulars).     Used  as  any  other  name 
word  in  Chinook  or  English.    Almost  obsolete  now  in  Chinook 
from  lack  of  use. 

THE  BROWN  BEAR. 

CHETWOOT. 

Ch  as  in  chicken:  e  as  in  get;  oo  as  in  coo;  accent  -chet-  and 
pronounce  Chet-woo-t  with  terminal  t  short  and  positive. 
Name  of  the  brown  bear,  no  other  meaning.    Used  same  as 

"brown  bear"  in  English. 

(See  "Itswoot"— black  bear.) 

COLD. 
COLE. 

Corruption  of  the  English  word  "Cold."  Pronounce  as  writ- 
ten. 

"Cole"  in  Chinook  means  usually  just  the  same  as  "cold" 
in  English  and  is  used  exactly  as  we  use  it.  The  comparative 
cold  is  brought  out  in  the  sentence  by  using  prefix  words  to  fix 
the  degree  of  cold.  Chinook  has  no  words  for  "cool,"  "cooler," 
"coolest"— it  is  all  "cold"— either  "Tenaa  cole,"  (little  cold). 
"Hiyu  cole"  (much  cold),  or  "Delate  hiyu  cole  (very  much 
cold),  as  the  case  may  be,  but  it  is  always  "cole"  in  some  form. 
"Wake  cole,"  is  "not  very  cold"  and  "Halo  cole,"  is  "no  cold." 
Use  it  accordingly.  "let  cole"  is  used  to  mean  "a  year"  in  the 
.sense  of  "one  winter."  "let  cole  ahncuttie"  is  therefore  "One 
year  :i;5o."  The  "year"  meaning  is  not  so  much  used,  however, 
as  "cole"  is  usually  used  to  indicate  some  degree  of  "cold"  as 
above. 

TOBACCO. 

CHINOOS. 

Ch-together,  I  as  in  tin;  oo  as  in  coo;  accent  -chin-  and  pro- 
nounce Chin-noo-s-s  with  hissing  sound  of  s  at  end  of  last 
syllable. 

Chinoos  is  Chinook  for  tobacco  and  nearly  always  means 
smoking  tobacco.     It  never  means  the  "killikinick"  mixture,  but 


24 


THB  CHINOOK  BOOR 


always  tobacco  and  nothing  else.  A  ciear  is  "stieV  rhJnn 
Pipe  tobacco  is  simply  "chinlos."  or  JomeHmes  'Tenas  chTm 
JL.ttle  tobacco),  or  "Kokshut  chinoos"  (All  broken  up  tob"c 

H.hToL?^"°  ''  T^*^'^-^-'""^^  chinoos."  5se  sa:^e  as  B 
Iish     tobacco"  is  used  in  conversation. 

RACE  — RUN  FAST  — TRAVEL. 
COOLEY. 

Accent  -cool-  and   pronounce   Coo-ley. 

a  doTJbl."^^'?  "Cooley"  is  one  of  tbe  words  in  Chinook  ha^ 
a  double  meaninpr.  Used  m  one  way  it  indicates  "sneed 
running"  "racing."  etc.  Used  in  the  other  sense  t  meanc 
trave  slowly,  to  wander  about,  to  saunter  along,  to  "tak 
«  a  nr'^S^wor';'^  Particular  object.  Note  that  %ultas.''u 
f«%,v  ^J  7"°'^'  <*a".ges  It  entirely  from  indicating  speed 
mdicatmg  almost  the  idea  cf  leisure  or  laziness  Tlicdov 
meaning  is  brought  out  in  the  folllowing: 
„T,.  ^^^nip'es:  (First  meaning)  "Qi-eoke  nika  cooley  kuiti 
That  IS  my  race  horse."  "Mesika  a  ,co  delate  cooley"  " 
came  in  a  hurry."  (We  kept  hurry!,,,  as  we  traveled^'  "N 
Kowmux  comtox  cooley  delate."  "My  dog  knowlhow  to 

»,;ii  ^.^t*'^"'^  '",?"'",^^  =    "Mesika  mamook  cultas  cooley."  " 
""des'dn'atUf '     ^""""^  ^°  ^^""^"  "'^'^^"^  ^^'^  P-P 

reallv°S«rS"J»*'"/''''  ^i?;!"/"  Chinook,  makes  the  mean 
^n«^f  pleasure     whereas  "Cultas"  alone  means  bad.     This 

Z  ,?1  Jf  Pf'"''"  *^'"«'  ^''°"*  Chinook,  and  occurs  only 
he  use  of  a  few  words-yet  an  Indian  will  often  give  a  ti 
to  a  sentence  that  will  employ  some  word  just  as  "cultas" 
employed  here  to  give  a  very  diflFerent  meaning  from  the  us 
meaning  of  the  word  he  uses-and  yet  the  listener  will  ea' 
get  the  meaning  intended.  A  white  man  very  rarely  uses  .1 
word  in  Its  double-meaning  sense,  whereas  an  Indian  will  of 

HOG— PIG  — ANY  KIND  OF  PORK  MEAT. 
COSHO. 

C  has  k  sound;  o  as  in  oat  in  both  syllables;  accent  -co-  a 
pronounce  Ko-sho. 

"Cosho"  means  pig  or  any  kind  of  pig  meat,  bacon  ha 
s.demeat.  etc  Lard  is  "Cosho  g'.eece."  Literally.  "Pig  geas 
\  ^^^}.}^  ,?  "Siawash  chuck-cosho."  or  "Chuck-cosho/'  St, 
ally,     undianj   waterpig."     The  word  is  also  elastic  enough 


i'»  ■ 


THB  CHINOOK  BOOK 


:k-chinoos." 
as  chinoos" 

p  tobarcoV 
me  as  Eng- 


ook  ha  vine 
"speed  in 
t  means  to 
to  "take  a 
iltas."  used 
er  speed  to 
riic  double 

ev  knitan." 
Jley,"  "We 
;d.)  "Nika 
ow  to  run 

)ley.»  "We 
;d  purpose 

le  meaning 
I.  This  is 
rs  only  in 
ve  a  twist 
"cultas"  is 

the  usual 
will  easily 
'  uses  any 

will  often 


VT. 


t  -co-  and 

con,  ham. 
g  grease." 
>.".  Liter- 
Jnough  to 


mean  "fat."  and  in  this  meaninpr  is  used  as  'Delate  cosho,"  "very 

fat"  or  (idea)  really  "very  fat-like-a-pig." 

Examples:  "Okeoke  nika  Cosho,"  "That  is  my  pig."  "Nika 
tika  cosho  gleece,"  "I  want  some  lard"  (Pig  fat).  "Yahka  hiyu 
cosho  man,"  "He  (that  man)  is  a  very-fat-like-a-pig  man. 

VERY. 
DELATE. 

E  as  m  eat:  a  as  in  skate;  last  e  silent;  accent  -late-  and  pro- 
nounce Dee-late. 

This  word  taken  alone  means  "very,"  but  it  is  nearly  always 
used  to  emphasize  a  statement  of  fact — to  affirm  the_  truth  of  a 
saying,  to  make  a  statement  authentic  beyond  question,  to  add 
the  element  of  certainty,  correctness,  truth,  surety  and  sincer- 
ity to  any  saying  or  statement.  It  covers  the  whole  idea  of 
emphasis  and  can  always  be  used  to  affirm  or  confirm.  Tn  speak- 
ing Chinook  it  is  usually  used  to  strengthen  an  idea,  thus: 
"Okeoke  klosh."  "That  is  good."  "Nowitka,  DELATE  klosh." 
"Yes.  VERY  good."  "Delate  nika  chaco  sick."  "Very  (much)  I 
come  (become)  sick."  (Literally.  "I  am  very  sick."  "Delate 
hiyu."  "A  VERY  great  many."  "Delate  cultas  man."  "(He  is  a) 
VERY  bad  man."  In  short.  "Delate"  is  always  used  to  strength- 
en the  idea  indicated  and  to  add  weight  to  its  meaning.  Its 
use  makes  a  statement  or  assertion  positive  and  removes  the 
element  of  doubt. 

THE  DEVIL. 
DIAUB. 

I  as  in  dine;  au  together  with  a  as  in  awe;   accent  -aub-  and 

pronounce  Die-aub. 

"Diaub"  is  the  Chinook  symbol  for  the  devil,  satan.  hell, 
and  the  whole  idea  of  the  satanic.  It  is  used  exactly  as  English 
"Devil"  is  used  to  express  the  idea  of  Satan.  When  hell  is 
mant  then  it  becomes  "The-land-of-the  devil."  "Illahee  cope 
diaub."    Otherwise  use  as  English. 

DRY. 
DLY. 

"Dly"  is  the  Indian  way  of  saying  "dry"  and  lacks  the 
"r"  of  the  English  word,  replacing  "r"  with  "1."  The  meanine 
and  use  in  Chinook  is  the  same  as  dry  is  used  in  English  as  it 
is  simply  a  corruption  of  English  "dry." 

Examples:  "Mamook  dly  okeoke  pish,"  "Dry  those  fish." 
"Halo  chuck,  delate  dly,"  "No  water,  very  dry." 


2*  THB  CHINOOK  BOOK 

PHYSICIAN -DOCTOR   OF  MEDICINE. 
DOCTIN  (or  LADOCTIN.) 

^""do'cS."'  ^""^""^^  "''■"■  '^""^  ^'  ^"»''^»'=  ^^'^  Prono 

"Doctin"  is  a  corruption  of  the  Enjjlish  word  "Dorf^r" 
Ijn^"*  as   En^,ih  "doctor"  would  be  uLdIn   all  cases 
Xo  lemel'— A  'nh"  •^^'  liy/oHowing  words.  th."r"D. 
topo  seeowist,       A   doctor   of   the   eves"    rn^r11lUf^      "r* 
copo  letah."  "A  doctor  of  teeth"  (dentht).    •°""''''*^-       ^* 

DOLLAR  — MONEY. 
DOLLAR. 

isT"c7mn;;n  w'^^'^oTTayii'^'.^'Lrninf ":e?.'l'^^^  ^' 
lar""'  "^l,L*'^"%   •J'cop7chicEmun""doirah'''  -'?X^"sirv  r 
"Sitkum  doS"P-^"'''''''*'""r"  ^""^'^  "  "Five-dollar  go  d  pie 

Mcni?^^'     ¥*^"^^   °^  '^'^   denominations   than   half  do'lir^ 


BEAVER. 
ENA. 

^  ^Ll".n?*'  ^  ^^  '"  ^""^^^^  ^'^^^  breath  sound  of  h  followii 
accent  -e-  and  pronounce  E-nah.  loiiowii 

_  "Ena"  is  the  Chinook  word  for  "Beaver  "  the  nam*  «f 

EnSish."'   "   "^''  ^'"^^   ''   "^   wouldl7e\nJ^i"kr;ame 

copo^en^'okeoke  "'"'Thnt'l^"  "?"*k^'^^  ^  ^^^^"■"  "Klosh  si 
r       .         OKCOKC,        Inat   is  a   fine   beaver   sWin  "     (r^^A   -i 

of  a  beaver  that  (is).)     "Nika  comtox  kah  mklite  W?S  en 

I  know  where  there  are  plenty   (of)   beaver^'     (Li te^llv 
know  where  live  man/  beaver.")  weaver.       ^ Literally, 


THB  CfRZN OOK  BOOK 


27 


•  is  "T'cope 
am  dollah." 
ome  in  fre- 
y  used  for 
>un  dollah" 
ney."  The 
silver  dol- 
rold  piece." 
id  "chicka- 

dollars  is 

id  "sitkum 

word  "Bit" 

Chinook 


following; 

me  of  the 
:   name  in 

[Closh  skin 
jood  skin 
liyu  ena," 
terally,  "I 


A  PADDLE  OR  OAR. 
ESICK. 

|E  as  in  easy;  i  as  in  sick;  accent  e  and  pronounce  E-sick. 

"Esick"  is  the  Chinook  name  for  "paddle"  or  "oar"  but  is 

fused  mostly  to  mean  a  "canoe  paddle."     Very  common  word. 
Examples:     "Okeoke  nika  esick,"  "That    fis)   my  paddle." 

["Nika  iskum  delate  klosh  olemai  esick,"  "T  have  a  very  fine 
old  paddle."     (Old  paddles,  if  good  and  sound,  were  considered 

'better  than  new,  untried  ones.)  "Nika  tika  tatlum  klootchman 
esick  hyak;  konce  chickamun?"  "I  want  ten  woman-paddles 
(paddles  for  women  to  use)  quick;  how  much  money  (do  you 
want  for  them)?"    "Okeoke  delate  klosh  pent  esick,"  "That  is 

I  a  fine  painted  paddle." 

BEFORE  — IN  FRONT  OF. 
BLIP. 

E  as  in  eat;  i  as  in  hit;  accent   (and  slightly  hold)   e  as  first 

syllable;  pronounce  E-e-lip. 

The  primary  and  common  use  of  "Elip"  is  to  mean  "be- 
fore" (me),  "in  front  of."  etc.  It  is  also  used  as  a  prefix  for 
other  words  to  show  prior  or  "before"  rights  and  to  raise  the 
age  value  of  word?,  to  make  some  other  word  mean  "more  of 
the  same"  than  it  would  without  "Elip"  used  as  a  prefix. 

Examples:  "Elip  konaway,"  "Before  (ahead  of)  all." 
"Elip  klosh,"  "More  good  (better  than  good).  "Elip  ow  copo 
nika,"  "My  younger  brother."  "Elip  sitkum  sun,"  "Before  mid- 
day" (forenoon).  "Klatawa  elip  nika."  "Go  in  front  of  me." 
"Nika  chaco  elip  mika,"  "I  came  before  you  (did)." 

ACROSS  — TO  CROSS  OVER. 

ENATI. 

E  as  in  hen;  a  as  in  hay;  i  as  in  high;  accent  and  dwell  slightly 
on  -en-,  make  sound  of  a  quickly,  and  partially  or  half  ac- 
cent -ti-;  pronounce  En— n-a-tie. 

"Enati"  is  used  to  cover  the  whole  idea  of  "across"  or 
"cross  over,"  to  "get  oi  the  other  side  of."  It  is  almost  always 
used  in  connection  with  crossing  over  water,  mountains  or  any 
space  or  territory  requiring  travel,  though  it  is,  and  can  be,  used 
anywhere  that  the  idea  of  "crossing  over"  anything  is  con- 
cerned. • 

Examples:  "Enati  nika  chaco  elip  mika."  Literally,  "Across 
I  came  before  you  (did)"  or  "1  crossed  ahead  of  you."  "Mesika 
klatawa  enati  yahka  chuck,"  "We  (will)  cross  over  the  water." 
"Mesika  mitlite  enati  yahka  lamountn,"  "They  live  over(  on  the 
other  side  of.  or  across)  the  mountains."  "Wake  lallt  nika 
chaco  enati,"  "Before  long  I  will  cross  (or  come  across)  over." 
"Siah  enati  yowah,"  "Away  (far  away)  across  there." 


28 


THB  CHINOOK  BOOK 


MUSKRAT. 
ENAPOOH. 

E  as  in  eat;  a  as  in  father;  oo  as  in  coo.  with  hreath  sour 
h  following:  accent  -ena-  and  pronounce  E-nah-pooh. 
Name   of   the    muskrat    from    "Ena"    Theaver)    and    "p 

(smell-stronsr).    "Enapooh"— "stinking    beaver."      (Note: 

muskrat   is    sometimes,   but    not   often,    called    the    "Bijr-w 

rat"  (chuck  hias-hoolhool). 

"Enapooh"  in  Chinook  is  used  just  as  "Muskrat"  woul 
used  in  English  and  is  the  name  of  a  particular  animal 
nothmg  else. 

Examples:  "Enapooh."  "Muskrat."  "Hiyu  enapooh 
mamook  memaloose."  "T  killed  many  muskrats."  (Many  n- 
[?*^L..  '""'l*^-f'eaf'  '^  "Konaway  enapooh  yahka  tipso  d 
klosh.  "All  muskrat  he  (his")  fur  (is  now)  verv  good  "  "K 
chickmun  mika  potlatch  copo  tipso  enapooh?"  "How  muc 
you  pay  for  muskrat  skins?" 

GREASE. 

GLEECE. 

Corruption  of  English  "Grease." 

"Gleece"  is  the  Chinook  symbol  word  'or  grease,  oil  o 
of  any  kmd:  anything  greasy  is  spoken  of  as  "with  gre; 
Use  as  m  English. 

Examples:  "Nika  tika  moosmo-'s  gleece,"  "I  want  < 
butter'  (cow-greaseV  "Mika  iskum  -le-ce  copo  piah?" 
lamp)  "Have  you  oil  for  the  lamp?"  (  'Lrmp"  is  usually 
as  in  English.)  "Yahka  man  delate  gl-.-ce."  "That  man 
IS  very  fat."  ("Yahka  man  delate  cosho."  "That  man  (h« 
very  fat-like-a-pig."  is  more  often  used  to  describe  a  fat  pei 
though  either  way  is  right  and  can  be  used.) 

DIFFERENT  —  STRANGER  —  SEPARATE  FROM 
OTHER  THAN. 

HULOIME. 

U  as  in  hull:  -oi-  as  in  oil;  e  as  in  meet:  accent  -oi-  and 
nounce    Hull-loy-mee    with    first    syllable    used    as    a    s 
breath  sounded  syllable:  second  syllable  accented  and 
shghtly  longer   than    first   syllable  and   last   syllable   si" 
spoken. 

Primarily  the  word  means  "different"  or  "different  fr< 
It  is  flexible  enough  to  be  used  both  as  a  prefix  and  a  fol! 


V 


THD  CUINOOK  BOOK 


itli  sound  of 
1-pooh. 

and  "pooh" 
Note :  Thf 
"Big-water- 

t"  would  he 
animal   and 

lapooh  nika 

VTany  mnsk- 
ipso  delate 
d."  "Konce 
iw  much  do 


e.  oil  or  fat 
ith   grease." 

want    some 
piah?"    (or 

isually  used 

t  man    (he) 

nan    (he)    is 

fat  person. 


'ROM 


•i-  and  pro- 
as a  short 
?d  and  held 
lable  short- 
rent  from." 
d  a  follow- 


ling  word  to  qualify  other  words  and  fix  the  idea  of  "diflferent," 

idifferent  from,"  "stranger,"  or  "stranger  to  me,"  "other  than," 

r'uniike,"  etc.     If  you  are  American  you  would  call  an  Indian 

r*Huloime-man,"  meaning,  "He   belongs:  to  a  different  people," 

lor  "the  people  of  this  man  and  my  people  are  different— not  of 

Itiie  same  blood."    The  word  is  usually  used  m  this  sense  though 

It  can  and  does  cover  the  whole  idea  of  "unlike,"  "other  than," 

or  "different  Irom."     Ordinarily,  however,  things,  objects,  etc., 

that  are  unlike  are  spoken  ot  as  "Halo  kahkwah  (.not  likej  or 

as  "Wake  kahkwah,"   which    means    the   same    though   not   so 

uositively.     In  other  words,  "Halo  kahkwah"  really  symbolizes 

the  idea,  "1  know  they  are  not  alike,"  while  "Wake  kahkwah '_ 

\  would  mean  more  the   idea  of  "1   think  they  are  not  alike." 

The  word  "Wake"  infers  doubt  though  it  could  mean  that  the 

speaker    knows    of    his    own    knowledge    also.      "Huloime"    is 

I  always  used  to  mean  the  opposite  of  "Kahkwah,"  which  means 

■"like"  or  "the-same-as." 

Examples-  "Huloime  tilacum,"  "A  stranger— a  man  be- 
longing to  a  different  race."  "Huloime  nika  ictos,"  "Not  like 
yours  (.my  things  are)."  (Unhke  articles.)  "Huloime  oiahut 
mesika  chaco,"  "By  a  different  road  we  came."  "Hyas  huiomie 
nika,"  "Very  much  (big)  different  am  1"  (.1  am  very  unlike 
(.him,  you),  etc.  "Halo  huloime  mika,"  "Not  different  (.people) 
(arc  you)  from  me."  ("You  do  not  belong  to  a  different  peo- 
ple, you  are  the  same  blood  (that  1  am).)  "Huloime  wawa 
nika,'  "Different  (speecli)  you  talk  (from  me)."  ("Your  lan- 
guage is  different  from  mine.")  The  word  can  be  used  in  many 
ways,  sometimes  to  follow  other  word  groups  to  imply  or 
indicate  the  idea  of  "different  from"  though  it  usually  begins  the 
sentence  it  is  used  in  and  thereby  tixes  the  idea  of  "different 
from"  whatever  is  being  talked  about. 

FAST  —  SWIFT  —  HURRY. 
HYAK. 

Y  sounds  as  i  in  high;  a  as  in  fat;  accent  -hy-  and  pronoui.ce 

High-ak. 

This  word  always  indicates  speed  in  some  degree  and  is 
quahhed  by  using  "Hyas"  (big),  "Hiyu"  (many),  "Delate 
(very),  or  a  combination  of  these  words  used  as  a  prefix  to  in- 
crease the  speed  inc.  nated.  If  negative  speed  (decreased 
speed)  less  speed,  slower,  slowly  or  slow  down,  is  to  be  indi- 
cated, then  "Tenks."  "Wake  hiyu,"  "Halo,"  "Wake,"  "DeUte 
tenas,"  or  any  other  suitable  combination  of  words  meaning 
"no,"  "not,"  "less,"  "less  than,"  "slower,"  "not  so  much  as,' 
■smaller,"  etc.,  is  used  as  a  prefix.  Words  indicating  the  gen- 
eral idea  of  "much"  or  "many"  increase  the  speed  indicating 
value  of  "Hyak"  when  used  as  a  prefix  and  words  mdicating  the 


H 


THD  CHINOOK  BOOK 


general  idea  of  "small,"  "little,"  etc.,  decrease  the  ipeed-i 
eating  value  of  "Hyak"  when  used  as  a  prefix. 

Examples:  "Chaco  hyakl"  "Come  (in  a)  hurry  I"  "Vi 
hyak!"  "Not  (so)  fast."  "Tenas  hyak  chaco!"  "Come  rIow 
"Delate  tenas  hyak  mika,"  "You  are  very  (much)  slow."  ( 
crally,  "(A)  very  little  hurry  you  (are  now  in)."  "Not  n\ 
(do)  you  hurry."  "Hurry  not  you  (do).")  "Delate  hyai  t 
chaco  mika!"  'Hurry  as  fast  as  you  can!"  (Literally,  "\ 
l)ig  fast,  come  you.")  "Hyas  hyak  nika  chaco!"  "I  (am)  c 
ing  as  fast  as  I  can!"  (Literally,  "Big-fast  I  (am)  con 
(.now).") 

"Hyak"  is  the  "speed"  or  "hurry"  word  always,  no  ma 
how  it  IS  used  and  it  can  mean  speed  or  no-speed,  depenc 
on  the  words  with  it  as  above. 

NO. 
HALO. 

A  as  in  hay;  o  as  in  oat;  accent  -ha-  and  pronounce  Hay-j 
"Halo"  is  the  word  of  positive  denial  used  exactly  ai 
English  "No"  and  in  many  cases  elastic  enough  to  mean  "i 
or  "do  not,"  but  used  in  this  way  usually  as  a  command 
"Halo  klatawa  mika!"  (Literally,  "No  go  you,"  the  Eng 
command,  "Do  not  go.")  "Halo  nika  nanage."  (Liters 
"Not  1  see."  English  idea  of  "I  do  not  see"  or  "I  have 
seen"  or  "1  will  not  see,"  depending  entirely  on  immedia 
prior  conversation.  In  an  ordinary  sense  the  word  "Wi 
IS  used  to  mean  "not,"  "do  not,"  "will  not,"  "shall  not,"  "j 
not,"  "cannot,"  and  like  ideas,  but  "Wake"  is  not  used  to  m 
"No"  as  "Halo"  is.  Both  words  are  used  to  mean  "not  ai 
which  one  depending  on  what  the  talk  is  about  and  the  wc 
used  with  it. 

Examples:  "Chaco  mika?"  "Come  you?"  "Halo,"  "if 
"Chaco  mika?"  "Come  you?"  "Wake  tumtum,"  "1  think  n 
"Halo  chaco  mika?"  "Not  come  you?"  "Wake  comtox,"  "I 
in  doubt;  1  know  not  as  yet;  I  am  undecided."  "Chaco  mik 
"Come  you.-'  "Halo  nika."  "Not  I."  (Literally,  "No  m 
"Halo"  and  "Wake"  are  in  a  way  interchangeable,  but  "Halo 
positive  "no"  always  where  "Wake"  can  be  negative  and 
convey  the  idea  of  doubt  more  than  "Halo"  does;  m  other  wo 
"Halo"  is  the  positive  "no"  and  should  be  so  used. 

OPEN. 

HAHLAKL. 

A  as  in  lather  in  both  syllables;  accent  -hah-  and  pronou 
Hah-lah-kle,  shortening  second  and  third  syllables  as  m 
as  possible  so  the  sound  of  both  combined  is  more  "-L 


THB  CHINOOK  BOOK 


91 


kahl"  spoken  very  short  and  in  a  nearly  explosive  manner. 
A  little  practice  will  make  it  easy. 

The  word  "HahUkl  means  "Open,"  "to  open,"  as  a  door; 
upeii  out,"  to  "thin"  as  wcods,  etc.     It  is  not  in  very  common 
Use. 

PULL— DRAW  — DRAG. 

HAUL. 

English  word,  pronounce  as  in  English. 

"Haul"  in  Chinook  covers  the  idea  of  "pull,"  "haul,"  "drag," 
■  tow,"  etc.  It  IS  equivalent  to  the  English  dehnition  of  English 
"liaul"  and  is  used  the  same  way. 

Examples:  "Mamook  haul  okeoke."  "Drag  that  (haul  it) 
over  liere."  (.Literally,  "Make  haul  that.")  "Mamook  haul 
sahale  nika  canim  copo  polalie  illahee,"  "Haul  your  canoe  up 
oil  the  sand."  (Literally,  "Make  haul  up  your  canoe  on  (the) 
^and.")  "Yowah!  Iskum  lope  pe  nika  haul  mika  canim,"  "Here I 
(kt  (this)  rope  and  1  will  tow  your  canoe." 


LAUGH  — FUN  — JOY. 
HEEHEE. 

1-1   as   in   we;   accent   first   syllable   and   pronounce   as   written, 

Hee-hee. 

"Heehee"  covers  the  whole  idea  of  mirth  and  joy  in  Chi- 
iiuuk.  It  also  means  "play"  in  the  sense  of  recreation.  "Ma- 
mook heehee"  (make  fun)  is  to  join  in  the  festivities  if  used  in 
the  ordinary  way,  though  it  could  mean  "laugh"  or  "did  laugh" 
("Nika  mamook  heehee"). 

Examples:  "Chaco  pe  mamook  heehee,"  "Come  and  (we 
will)  make  fun."  "Delate  heehee  yahka  mamook,"  "A  great 
celebration  (it  was)  he  (made)  gave."  "Okeoke  kovimiux  ma- 
mook tanze  kahkwa  man,  delate  heehee  okeoke,"  "That  dog 
made  a  dance  like  a  man,  very  tunny  was  that."  "Halo  mamook, 
okeoke  cultas,  wake  heehee,"  "Do  not  (do  it)  that  bad;  no  fun." 
"Spose  heehee,  mika  chaco?"  "If  (there  is  a)  celebration  (of 
any  kind)  (.will)  you  come?"  "Klosh  heehee  meiika,  a-ah," 
"We  liad  a  good  time — we  are  well  pleased."  (Literally,  "Good 
mil  us,  a-ah.") 

MOUSE. 

HOOLHOOL. 

Uo  as  ill  coo;  accent  first  syllable  and  pronounce  as  written, 
Hool-hool. 
"Hoolhool"  means  "mouse."     By  using  "Tenas"  as  a  pre- 


32 


TIUD  CHINOOK  BOOK 


fix  (Tenai  hoolhool)  it  means  "little  mouse."  If  "Hyat' 
used  as  a  prctix(HyaB  hoolhool)  the  meaning  becomes  ' 
mouse,"  and  is  used  thus  to  mean  the  common  rat.  "Cli 
hyas-hoolhool"  is  a  iniiskrat,  though  the  muskrat  is  nearly 
ways  called  "Enapooh"  ( stink-beaver).  "Hoolhool"  is  nc 
very  common  word  and  is  used  more  by  Indian  women 
work  about  ranches  tor  wlutc  women  than  anywhere  ( 
You  might  not  hear  it  once  in  a  year. 

BUILDING  — HOUSE  OF  ANY   KIND. 
HOUSE. 

The  English  word  used  in  the  same  sense  and  meanini 
English.  Usually  the  Chinook  words  precede  it  to  fix  the  1 
of  a  house,  ownership,  color,  material,  etc. 

Examples:  "Okeoke  mika  house?"  "(Is)  that  your  hou 
"Konaway  house  yowah  delate  oloman,"  "All  (the)  houses  tl 
(are)  very  old.  "Nika  tika  laplash,  mamook  house,"  "1  v 
lumber  (to)  build  (a)  house."  "Klaxtah  house  okeoke?"  "\V1 
house  is  it.'"  "Mitlite  copo  skookum  house."  "Put  in  (live 
the  stronghouse  (jail)." 

SHIVER  — SHAKE. 
HULLEL. 

U  as  in  hull;  e  as  in  well;  accent  -lei-  and  pronounce  Hull 
"Hullel"  means  "shiver"  or  "shake"  but  is  so  uncom; 
that  it  is  almost  obsolete.  "Mamook"  used  as  a  prefix  m; 
it  mean  "shivering"  c  'shaking."  Hardly  ever  used,  how« 
even  by  expert  ChinooK  speakers. 

BAD   SMELL  — STINK. 

HUMM. 

U  as  in  hum;  the  m  sound  nasal  and  drawn  out,  pronounce 

English   "Hum"   rnd    then    hold   m    sound    to   prolong 

word  thus,   Hum-m-m. 

"Humm"  means  "Stink."  It  is  applied  to  mean  any  dec 
odor  either  good  or  bad,  but  more  commonly  used  to  me; 
stench  or  "bad  stink."  The  skunk  is  called  "Humm-opoots* 
literally,  "Stinks-his-tail,"  and  serves  to  show  the  full  meai 
of  "Humm"  as  meaning  "Stmk."  "Poo"  is  also  used  to  n 
stink,  but  "Humm"  is  the  more  commonly  used  of  the  two. 

Examples:     "Delate  humm!    Klonas  halo  ict  kuitan  d 
memaloose."  "(There  is  a)  very  (bad)  smell — perhaps  (not) 
horse  has  died."     "Lolo  konaway  pish  copo  salt  chuck  pe 
mook  mahsh — ^yahka  chaco  ahncuttie  memaloose— hiyu  d« 


THB  CHINOOK   BOOK 


33 


ce  Hull-lel. 


Lltas  humm!"  "Carry  all  (of  those)  fish  to  (the)  "It  water 
I„,l  ilimw  tlicm  away  (in).  They  come  dead  a  long  time,  they 
f,  ry   li;i<l   «nell." 

lUG- GREAT   SIZE -LARGE   BULK. 
HYAS. 
1^  in  liiK'li;  a  as  in  hat;  accent  -hy-  and  pronounce  High-as. 
"Hyas"  is  tlic  size  \v(jr<l  in  Chinook.     Used  alone  it  means 
IVnai    -i/c."  "largo."  "great   amount   of."  <'r  any   other  idea  of 
l.imu-s"     The  size  is  increased  hy  using  "Delate     as  a  prefix 
kvord      "Delate   hyaa"   thus   means   "bigger   than    big     and    by 
Liiitr  "Hiyu"  as  a  prefix  for  "Delate"  the  size  is  still  further 
Bncrcase.l.  thus.  "Hiyu  delate  hyas"  means  "very,  very  large, 
tn.l  then  if  tlie  idea  of  vastness  is  to  be  expressed  the  whole 
khrce  words  should  be  drawn  out  slowly  in  pronouncing,  thus, 
r*Hi-i-i-iyu    de-1-a-a-a-a-ate    hy-y-y-y-y«s,     meaning      more    (m 
Ihulk    size  or  distance)    than  any  one  knows   (or   can  compre- 
llitiid")      "Tenas"    used    as    a   prefix    decreases   the    size,    thus, 
"Tenas  hyas"  means  "little-big''  or,  literally,  "Not  so  much  of 
it"— "smaller."  etc..  and  still  smaller  size  can  be  expressed  by 
using  the  words  "Hiyu"  or  "Delate"  or  both  of  them  as  prefix 
words  before  "Tenas  hyas."  though   the  idea  of     small,       lit- 
tle "  etc     is  usually  expressed  through  like  modification  of  the 
w(.'r<l  "Tenas"  alone  and  "Hyas"  is  nearly  always  used  and  un- 
derstood to  mean  "big"  or  "bulky"  and  "tenas"  the  opposite,  or 
"little,"  "small,"  etc. 

The  word  "Hyas"  is  almost  always  associated  with  the  idea 
of  bulk,  great  quantity,  big,  etc. 

Exami.les:  "Hyas  klosh  mamook  mika,"  You  did  a  large 
..au-mt  of  good  work"  (Big-good  worker  you.)  ,  Hyas  Sun- 
day," "Big  Sunday."  (Christmas,  the  day-hke-a-big-Sunday.) 
"Hyas  tyee,"   "The   big    (head)    diief."     "Okeoke   delate   hyas 

stick, rhat  (is  a)  very  big  tree  (or  timber)."    ''Klaska  jkeoke 

hyas  man?"  "Who  is  that  big  man?"  "Hiyu  del-a-a-a-te 
hy-y-y-as  okeoke  piah  canim,"  "Very,  very  large  (is)  that  fire 
shii)  (steamer)."  "Mesika  mamook  hyas  klosh  tahmahnawis 
house,"  "We  built  a  very  large  church."  "Delate  hyas  okeoke 
lamountn,"  "Very  large   (are)  those  mountains. 

MUCH  -  MUCH  OF  -  A  GREAT  QUANTITY  -  PLENTY 
—  A  GREAT  DEAL  OF. 

HIYU. 

,is  in  high;  u  as  in  union  with  a  slight  breath  sound  of  h  as 
lowing  u  spoken  "you-h,"  accent  -hi-  and  slightly  hold  the 
tiunigii  it  were  Uh  with  the  h  a  breath  sound  only,  tol- 
-i-  and  pronounce  Hi-i-you-h. 


34 


THE   CHINOOK   BOOR 


"Hiyu"  is  one  of  the  very  common  words  of  Chinook  • 
IS  used  mostly  as  a  prefix  to  fix  the  idea  of  "plenty-of"Tn %' 
nect.on  with  other  words.  It  is  the  symbol  of  "much  "  "nle 
of  a  great  amount  o."  "great  numbers."  "a  large  a'moSnt 
the  same  thing,"  etc.  It  adds  length  to  distance  buflT^o.i 
"Trefix  'VtVTlT  "T""  ^°  -ything/eTc'r'when  used 

•TeTaS"  meiV'Ure%mal"^o^r  "sm^Jl 'e^-'VsTdThe's^°    ""'' 
with  "Halo"  (no)   or  "Wak#"   Crfr?^?    ♦   •  °  *"f  ^^^^  ^ 

hr^tu         J    1  '^""'',  P"^     waKe     (not)   -t  mcreases  the  vahie 
both  words  by  making  them  more  positive,  thus:    "Hii^  h^ 

hf^    ilfe^-'-N.       L''7^"y-/*A    great-deal-more-no"'^«Wa 
"S^t-mSi  lonl' S,''"""'  ^^^°  °^  •"  '"^^  ^'■'•--)"     Literal 

;r^..I^^   commonly   expressed   use   of  "Hiyu"   however    is 
mcrease  value  rather  than  to  decrease,  so  it  stands  fnChin^ 
as   the    word-symbol    for   the   general 'id?ao    ^"plenty"   and 
rarely  used  otherwise  by  those  who  talk  Chinook  fluently 

ir-^.J^'^'T^      ■      "^'^^  '^^"^   *^'y"   tilacums,"    "I    have' ma 
friends    (or,  sometimes,   relations)."     "Hiyu  pish  mika  isW 

v^ry"far'"'  fLiterau'  %^^''H"    ""'^  de?ate"iS.""?t 
li.H.^'  ,"?.?.",",'  °;>'  ""'  ■"»"  desires."     <He  o'ly  wanS 

'&^l  ■■Z"'^.t/t  st,'or!rvi-.v "' "''  "«'"»"»> 

WHAT  — WHAT  IS  IT? 
ICTA. 

pl^.ce':?„,■^,;Sv„xr,/eS„°'■■°'hi;?;■"r„''„,51e'L"er^f 
i^s,^' ""  ^' ""  —« ""e,ri','i''Lse5'L/;.is; 

.t,..f.''^i?TPl"-    "'^*^  okeoke?"    "What    (is,   was    or    will   be 

for).^"  "Icta  mi;?"*''^JLt  man  "' ''/cS "'"What^'w-*  ?'  ^'^ 
'"""Kahtt"'"^'^  mamookp'^^-IWhat^g^e)  ^oi^i^'^jV'"''''' 

quentlv  "Kaht,h""''''n"  "'^^  '"  P'=*"  ^^  "!<:*»"  but  infre 
than  "Wh.t?"  .^  u"-"^  '"'^^"^  "Why.?"  or  "How?"  mor 
than     What?     though  .t  is  used   to  mean  "what"  also.     Goo< 


^rt 


THE   CHINOOK   BOOK 


35 


Chinook  speakers,  however,  nearly  always  use  "Icta,"  to  mean 
"What"  in  place  of  "Kahtah,"  and  use  the  latter  for  "Why" 
ami  "How."  "Icta"  should  be  used  altogether  to  mean  "what" 
aii'l  tlie  student  will  do  well  to  use  it  so — using  "Kahtah"  for 
"How"  and  "Why." 

SHUT  — CLOSE  UP. 
IKPOOIE. 

I  as  in  hit;  oo  as  in  coo;  i  as  in  it;  accent  -poo-  and  pronounce 
Ik-poo-ie. 

"Ikpooie"  means  "to  shut,"  "clos2  up,"  "stop  up,"  etc.  It 
is  not  very  commonly  used  and  is  more  apt  to  be  heard  in  con- 
nection with  such  ideas  as  "caulk  the  boat  seams"  (Mamook 
ikpooie  okeoke  canim)  than  anywhere  else.  "Mamook  ikpooie 
yahka  lapote,"  "Shut  the  door"  (Make  the  door  close  up),  is 
good  Chinook  but  not  often  used.  You  might  not  hear  the 
word  iit>ed  once  in  a  year. 


LOUSE. 

INAPOO. 

1  as  in  ink;  a  as  in  father;  oo  as  in  coo;  accent  -in-  and  pro- 
nounce In-a-poo. 

The  Chinook  name  for  louse.  Not  very  commonly  used 
except  with  the  prefix  word  "Sopena"  (jump),  thus,  "Sopena 
inapoo,"  "A  jump-louse"  (flea). 


SECRET  — HIDDEN. 
IPSOOT. 

I    as   in  if;   oo  as   in   coo;   accent   -ip-  and   pronounce    Ip-soot. 
"Ipsoot"  means   "secret,"  "hidden,"  "concealed,"  etc.     Not 
\ery  commonly  used. 

Examples:  "Nika  mamook  ipsoot  konaway  piahchuck," 
"I  have  made-hidden  all  (the)  whiskey."  "Halo  wawa  mesika 
ipsoot,"  "Do  not  tell  our  secret"  (Keep  it  to  yourself).  "Nika 
canim  hiyu  ipsoot,  halo  nika  klap,  klosh  nanage  copo  konaway 
illahee,"  "My  canoe  is  (big)  hidden,  I  cannot  find  (it),  1  have 
looked  all  (over)  the  land  (for  it)."  (Idea:  "My  canoe  is  gone, 
i  can  not  find  it  though  I  have  looked  everywhere.") 


I 


IK- 


UBIARY 

iUTIONAL  MLSKU*^ 


3ft  THE  CHINOOK  BOOK 

MEAT  — FLESH. 
ITLWILLIE. 

I  as  in  liit;  -tl-  together:  balance  same  as  "Willie"  in  English; 

accent   -ill-   and    pronounce    It-l-willie.      (The   word    sounds 

more    like    the    "baby   talk,"    'ittle    Willie,    in    English    than 

anything  else.) 

"Itlwillie"  means  "meat,"  "muscle"  or  "flesh  of."  but  it  is 
not  very  commonly  nscd  in  Chinook  except  to  specify  "muscle" 
and  then  not  often.  "Meat"  or  "flesh"  is  usually  spoken  of  as 
(idea)  "The-nieat  of  the  deer  to-cat,"  thus.  "Mowitch  mucka- 
muck"  or  "Muckamuck  cope  mowitch."  (Deer  meat-to-eat  or 
meat-to-eat  of-the-dcer.)  "Itlwillie"  is  very  rarely  used  at  all 
but  combinations  like  tlio  above  examples  usually  are  used  to 
designate  "meat"  or  "meat-to-cat."  When  "Itlwillie"  is  used 
at  all  it  is  likely  to  be  uscil  in  some  manner  to  mean  "muscle," 
thus:  "Okeoke  man  iskum  delate  itlwillie."  "That  man  has 
very  mucli  muscle."  Even  in  this  sense  the  thought  is  more 
apt  to  be  expressed  thus.  "Okeoke  delate  skookum  man."  "That 
(is  a)  very  strong  man." 

THE  BLACK  BEAR. 
ITSWOOT. 

I  as  in  hit;  oo  as  in  coo;  accent  -its-  and  pronounce  Its-woo-t, 
•rminal  t  short  and  positive. 

rig.     Used 


I  as  m  hit;  oo  as  m  coo;  accent  -its-  and  pronounce  it 
with  the  terminal  t  short  and  positive. 
Name     f  the  common  Iihick  bear.     No  other  meaninf 

as  "black  iicar"  would  be  used  in   Englisli. 

(See   "Ena,"   "beaver";   "Enapoo,"   "muskrat,"   etc., 

amples.) 


for   ex- 


GOODS  —  BELONGINGS  —  PERSONAL  PROPERTY  OF 
ANY    KIND    —   THINGS    BELONGING    TO    ANY    ONE. 

ICTAS. 

I   as  in   it;  c  has  sound  of  k;   a   as  in   father;  accent   -ic-;  the 

sound    is   more    as    though    the    word    was    spelled    Ik-tahz 

with  accent  on  -ik-. 

"Ictas"  is  a  collective-pcrsoual-property  symbol  used  in 
Chinook  to  mean  any  and  all  kinds  of  "things,"  mostly  of  a  per- 
sonal property  nature  (but  not  altogether).  It  can  mean  "any- 
thing" or  "any  property"  or  "all  things"  or  "all  my  things," 
"all  his  things,"  "belongings."  "goods,"  etc.  It  covers  the  whole 
idea  of  "things"  of  all  kinds  and  of  any  nature.  A  very  common 
Chinook  word  with  ;i  multitude  of  apt  uses. 

Examples:  "Kah  mika  ictas?"  "Where  (are)  your  things?" 
(.Belongings,    property,    etc.)      "Nika    ictas    mitlite    copo    nika 


fM 


THE   CHINOOK    BOOK 


37 


house"  "My  things  are  at  my  house."  "Mamook  tenas  hiyu 
ictas  copo  lecasset  pe  chaco."  "Put  a  few  things  m  the  trunk 
u  .1  come  on."  "Kah  nika  tika  okeoke  ictas?"  "Where  do;  you 
want  these  things  (put)?"  (Idea,  "Where  wdl  you  have  me 
nut  these  things?") 

ONE. 

ICT. 

I   as  in  it;  c  has  sound  of  k;  t  short,  and  pronounce   Ikt. 

"let"  is  the  Chinook  for  the  numeral  "one"  and  has  no 
other  meaning.     It   is  always  "one"  and   no   more. 

Examples-  "let."  "One."  "Okeoke  ict  klosh  kuitan,"  "That 
(is)  one  good  horse."  (I'sed  to  mean  a  very  good  horse,  a  horse 
that  stands  alone  on  account  of  /ood  iiualitns.)  let  man 
chaco,"  "One  man  came."  ((Jne  ma.i  alone  can.  ■  no  more  than 
f)ne  man.) 

LAND  — EARTH  — ANY  PART  OF  THE  EARTH. 

ILLAHEE. 

I  as  in  ill;  a  as  in  fate;  ee  as  in  free;  accent  -ill-  and  pronounce 

Ill-a-hee. 

"Illahce"  is  the  word  symbol  for  earth,  the  ground,  any 
part  of  the  earth,  land  of  any  kind,  etc.  It  is  usually,  if  not 
entirely,  used  with  a  qualifying  prefix  word  whic.i  hxes  the 
kind  of  earth,  the  position  of  the  land  spoken  ot,  the  ownership 
of  the  land,  the  relationship  of  Uie  l:.nd  to  anything  else,  etc. 
"Illahee"  alone  means  "the  land." 

Examples:  "Okeoke  nika  illahee,"  "This  (is)  my  land. ' 
I  Meaning  this  land  belongs  to  me,  it  is  my  own.  my  home  ) 
"Copo  polallie  illahee."  "In  (over,  by,  alongside  o)  the  sand- 
earth  "  (Literally,  "Polallie  illahee,"  "Powder  earth.  )  Klale 
illahee  okeoke,"  "Black  land  that  is."  "Siah,  eopo  eole-snass 
illahee,"  "Far  (up)  in  the  snow-ground."  (High  up  in  che 
mountains.)  "Kah  mika  illahee?"  (Literally,  "Where  (is)  your 
land  (home)?")  "Where  do  you  live,  where  is  your  home 
ground?"  "Konce  siah  okeoke  illahee?"  "How  far  (away  is) 
that  land  (country)?"  "Okeoke  klosh  illahee.  That  (is)  good 
ground."  "Moosmoos  muekamuck  illahce,  Cow  pasture. 
(Literally.  "Cattle   (where  they)   eat  ground.") 

TO  GET  — RECEIVE  — ACCEPT -ACQUIRE  — HAVE  — 

HAS. 
ISKUM. 
I  as  in  it;  hissing  s;  u  as  in  up;  dwell  slightly  on  m  as  a  nasal 
sound;  accent  -is-  and  pronounce  Is-s-kum-m. 


i  m 


38 


THE   CHINOOK    BOOK 


"Iskum"  is  the  pusscssive  symhr '  Chinook  and  it  means 
to  "get,"  to  "take  to  yourself,"  to  '  nnd  to  hold,"  to  "re- 

ceive, accept  "T  obtain"  anything.  K  covers  the  whole  idea  of 
possession,  now,  i]i  tho  past  or  at  some  future  time.  It  is  used 
as  a  prefix  word  to  mean  "I  will  get"  and  also  to  mean  "I  have 
now  in  my  possession."  Usually  it  follows  the  object  when  it 
means  "I  did  get,"  but  this  docs  not  always  hold  good.  In 
using  the  word  it  is  always  safe  to  use  it  to  symbolize  the  ideas 
of  "I  get,"  "I  will  get,"  "I  did  get."  The  construction  of  the 
sentence  using  it  should  be  after  the  Indian  method,  though  it 
is  safe  to  use  it  just  as  you  would  use  "get"  in  English. 

Examples:  "Iskum  okeoke,"  "Get  that."  "Nika  iskiun 
okeoke  wake  lalie,"  "I  (will)  get  that  before  long."  (Literally, 
"I  will-get  that  not-long.")  "Nika  iskum  konce  nika  klatawa 
yowah,"  "I  (will)  pet  (that)  when  I  go  there."  "Kah  mika  iskum 
konaway  ictas?"  "Where  (did)  you  get  all  (of  those)  things?" 
"Kahtah  clip  mika  iskum?"  "How  (long)  before  you  (will)  get 
(it)'"  "Nika  iskum  yowah,"  "I  have  (it)  here."  "Spose  mika 
iskum?"  "Will  you  get  (it)?" 

WHERE  — WHEREABOUTS  — TO  WHERE. 
KAH. 

A  as  in  father;  h  almost  silent;  accent  -ah-  and  pronounce  as 

written. 

"Kah"  is  tlie  symbol  of  "Where?"  in  Chinook  and  is  used 
as  English  "where"  is  used  mostly.  It  is  also  used  to  designate 
place  in  the  sense  that  it  fixes  "to  wliere"  we  are  going  and,  to 
use  a  slang  expression,  "where  at"  we  live,  etc. 

Examples:  "Kah  mika  klatawa?"  "Where  (do)  you  go?" 
"Copo  kah  mika  mitlite,"  "To  where  I  live."  "Kah?"  "Where?" 
or  "Where-is  (it)?"  "Kah  mika  chaco?"  "Where  (did)  you 
rnme  from"'"  "Kah  mika  iskum?"  "Where  (did)  you  get  (it)?" 
"Mika  comtox  kah  nika  tenas  man?"  "(Do)  you  know  where 
(is)  my  little  boy?"  "Siah  yowah  kah  mitlite  itswoot,"  "Far 
(away)  there,  where  lives  (the)  black  bear."  "Yahka  mitlite 
copo  house  kah  t'zum-wawa  stick,"  "He  lives  in  (the)  house 
where   (is)   the  painted-board    (sign)." 

Whenever  and  wherever  the  English  "Where"  can  be  or  is 
used,  there  "Kah"  properly  belongs  in  Chinook  to  cover  the 
idea  of  intiuiry  or  to  fix  place  or  position  and  should  be  so  used. 

DOWN  —  BELOW  —  UNDERNEATH. 

KEKWILLIE. 

E  as  in  me;  kw  has  sound  of  English  q;  i  as  in  it;  e  as  in  me; 
accent  -kc-  and  pronounce  Key-quill-ly. 
Used   to  mean   exactly  opposite  of  "Sahale"    (up),  its  full 


THE   CHINOOK   BOOK 


39 


nicaniiip  depending  on  words  used  with  it,  as  "Chuck  delate 
kekwillie"  would  mean  "Water-very-deep"  or  "Far-down-in" 
(tlie  water  (is).)  The  last  by  inference  of  associated  ideas  and 
not  by  spoken  words.  It  is  commonly  used  to  mean  "dfep" 
(.r  "down"  in  any  sense. 

Examples:  "Mika  chaco  kekwillie  copo  nika,"  "You  come 
(I.iwn  with  me."  "Nika  opitsah  klatawa  kekwillie  copo  chuck," 
"Mv  knife  sunk  down  in  the  water."  .."Wake  mamook  kekwilliel 
Ma'mook  sahale!"  "Don't  put  it  down!  Put  it  up!"  "Konce 
nika  mamook  poo  okeoke  mowitch  :  Ahka  klatawa  siah  kekwil- 
lie copo  lamount'n  pe  mitlite  copo  hyak  skookum  chuck, 
"When  I  shot  that  deer  he  (fell)  go  far  (away)  down  the 
mountain  and  landed  (stopped)  in  the  swift  river."  (Idea:  I 
'ilint  a  deer  that  fell  down  the  mountain  and  mto  the  swift 
river") 

OLDER  BROTHER. 

KAHPO. 

A  as  in  father;  o  as  in  over;  accent  -kah-  and  pronounce  Kah- 

poh. 

Used  to  mean  "Older  brother."  but  very  infrequently.  Al- 
most useless  as  very  few  Chinook  speakers  would  understand 
it-;  meaning. 

A  BIRD. 

KULLAKULLA. 

r  as  in  up;  a  as  in  father;  accent  first  and  fourth  syllables,  and 

pronounce  Kul-la-kul-lah. 

The  Chinook  symbol  word  for  "bird,"  any  bird.  The  full 
meaning  is  brought  out  by  prefix  words  describmg  the  kmd 
of  a  bird  and  the  word  is  used  following  other  words  to  give 
the  meaning  of  "birdlike." 

Examples:  "Okeoke  klale  chuck  kuUakulla,"  "That  (is)  a 
black  water-bird."  "Hyas  fkope  kullakulla."  "A  large  white 
bird."  "Kullakulla  muckamuck  stick."  "Woodpecker  (the-bird- 
1  hat  eats-wood).  "Delate  klosh  muckamuck  kullakulla,  A  fine 
bi-d  to  eat."  (Very  good-to-eat  bird.)  "Siah  lepee  kullakulla 
mitlite  copo  chuck  illahee,"  "A  long  legged  bird  that-lives-in 
t!ie  water-land  (swamps)."     (The  crane,  snipe  or  heron.) 

DOG. 
KOWMUX. 

Ow  as  in  how;  u  as  in  up;  accent  -kow-  and  pronounce  Kow- 

mux.  .  J  •  J 

Indian  name  for  dog,  used  as  any  other  name  word  is  used 

in   Chinook,     Has   no   other  meaning  except  when   used  witn 


4f 


THE   CHINOOK    BOOK 


other  words  such  as  "Kahkwa"  (like)  then  it  gives  the  under 
stamling  of  Moglikc"(Kahkwa  kowmux).  which  conveys  th 
idea  of  "low."  "dirty,"  etc.  r^,        ,■   ,  a 

F.xami.les:  "Okeoke  nika  kowmux."  That  (is)  my  dog 
"Nika  iskum  mox  hyas  kowmux  copo  Chim."  "I  got  two  bi 
dogs  from  Jim."  "Okeoke  man  yahka  cultas  kahkwa  kowmux, 
"Tiiat  man,  he  is  low   (had)   hke-a-dog. 

THIEF  —  STEAL  —  STOLEN. 

KAPSWALLIE. 

A  as  in  hat:  a  as  in  father;  lie  as  ly  in  lily;  accent  -kap-  an 

pronounce    Kap-swal-ly.  .  •   ,    • 

"Kapswallie"  covers  the  whole  idea  of  theft  or  thief  i 
Chinook  and  is  nse.l  in  various  ^vays  with  ?t''"/rf.^.^°i"'?.'"; 
tions  to  mean  "thief,"  "thieves,  "steal.  stole,  stolen,  ( 
any  other  idea  connected  with  theft. 

Examples:  "Yahka  kapswallie  man."  '.''le  if  a  th.e  J 
steal-man)  "Konaway  nika  camm  kapswallie  All(ot)n: 
canoe  have  been)  stolen!"  "Okeoke  kapswallie  ictas,"  "Thoi 
things  (have  been)  stolen."  "Spose  kapswallie ?"  "Do  you  su 
oseShey  will  be  stolen,';  or  "Shall  we  steal  them?  (dep^a 
ing  on  circumstances,  subject  and  surroundings).       Okeoke  m. 

kapswallie  nika  tenas  klootchman  pe  'r^"),°°'f.J?k"taDswall 

man  stole  my  (  aughter  and  married  her.  Nika  kapswai 
hiyu  kuitan  copo  Yakima."  "I  stole  a  lot  of  horses  from  tl 
Yakimas."  CENTER. 

KATSUK. 

A  as  in  hat;  u  as  in  up;  accent  -kat-  and  pronounce  Kat-si 
Chinook   for  "the   center."     Very  little  used,   ho^^evf ,  ai 
almost  obsolete.     "Sitkum"   (half)  being  a  most  always  used 
place  of  it  to  mean  "half  way,"  "one-half."  "the  middle,       ce 
ter,"  etc.     (See  "Sitkum.") 

COFFEE. 
KAUPEE. 
Corruption  of  the  English  word  "coiTee,"  and  "sed  just 
Enelish  "coffee"  is  used.     The  Indian  tongue  cannot  sound  t 
•'F'    and   always    makes   it    "P."    therefore,   the    word    is   rea 
"coppee"  but  this  spelling  does  not  quite  indicate     cofTee    w 
the  "p"  substituted  for  "f"  in  sounds  when  the  word  is  spok 
so  the  "Kaupee"  spelling  is  used.  ,  s  ,•    , 

Examples:  "Nika  tika  tenas  kaupee."  "I  ^ya"V^)„'''.V^„'; 
fee  "  "Okeoke  klosh  kaupee."  "That  (is)  good  coffee.  Kor 
chickamun  kaupee-ict  pound."  "How  much  (is)  coffee-c 
pound?" 


TfiiS  CHINOOK   BOOK  ** 

TO   UPSET -TURN   UPSIDE   DOWN. 
KEELAPI. 

,e  -.s  in  feci;  a  as  in  fate;  i  as  in  lugh;  accent  -keel-  and  pro- 

::K::uprt"c!;;;oo.  for  "capsize.:;  'Hum  J-;;--- 

-'^'  "r-^"'';ed"a'ra';r  fx  w o  H  th'at  aching  does  Jot  simply 
■'•ret"  butlfwrys'SmesTpset.-  (This  is  a  con.mon  way  of 
o,n  ..acting  ideas  in  Chinook.)  ..,.,,.  ..r.^^^  put  (you 

Kxamples:  ,  "Klosh  "-age   ch^^^^^^^^^^^^^  o       (y 

will)  come  up.et!  ^^,"^*f  •."?•-  "Copo  delate  wind  nika  sail- 
,„rn  it  ovcr-.t  is  8?°^..^^  '  , '\  n.^ch  wind  my  tent  (came) 
house  chaco  keelapi,  J" J^''^^  ^^l^^  okeoke  stick."  "Turn 
TT'  "'"'''-""Nika  bebJ  yahka  mS  keelapi  cope  iUahee  pe 
'^amo^^k'Sate  h'iSee'"'" f  1-by  he  hes  on  h.s  back  on  the 
^;roun(l  and  plays  a  great  deal. 

ENGLISH  MAN. 
KING  ZGHORZGH  MAN. 

.     .  .•        ^t  "K-mo-  Heoree,"  meaning  an  English- 
Indian  adaptation  o\  ^'^S  ^eors^-ish    English   peo- 
,„,n.     Formerly  used   extensively   to   d^^^^^"^     ^^%^  ,i^ost 

;;- r-K^meri^t"  ^ut  SowVays  ra^nsTny'  "white  man." 

TO  DRIVE  AWAY. 
KISHKISH. 

,  ,.  ,n  fish;  both  syllables;  accent  f^rst  syllable  and  pronounce 

:'kuS:if  ineans^^K.  a^^but  .  s^ 
r^n^'lrirdoS^lSord^rlf  -tp'at  an.  should  be  halved  and 
,H)l  used  in  the  repeated  form). 

HORSE. 
KUITAN. 

U  as  in  use;  i  as  in  hit;  a  as  in  han;^=4"-V\"^„^o"s't  Te"Tame 
K«-i-tan,    giving    the    first    syllable     kn     am  ^^^^   ^^^^ 

sound   as   the   English   letter     Qwhictima^  ^^^^^ 

when   spoken   sound  as  though  written     y  wu 
is  as  near  as  the  English  will  render  it. 


i  - 


42 


THE   CHINOOK    BOOK 


Kuitan"  is  the  Chinook  nnme 
.?  °^  (rcquent  use  and  can  be  use 
"liorse"  is  commonly  used. 

Examples:  "Iskum  kuitan  pe 
chick,"  "Get  (the)  horses  and  put  (t 
"Nika  iskum  klosh  cooley  kuitan,"  ' 
"Konaway  nika  kuitan  klatawa,  halo 
(are)  gone,  [  can't  find  (them)." 
chaco  copo  canim,"  "Do  not  com 
cnnocs." 


for  "horse,"  any  horse.  1 
d   in   any  way   that   Enylis 

mamook  ictas  ropo   chick 

he)  things  in  (tl  -)  waijon, 
"I  have  a  good  race  horse, 
nika  klap."  "All  my  horse 
"Wake  chaco  copo  kuitan 
e    with    horses,    come    witi 


OUTSIDE. 

.  KLAHANIE. 

A  as  m  father,  both  syllables;  ie  as  y  in  lily;  accent  -kla-  am 

pronounce  kla-hah-ny. 

Chinook  word  for  "outside,"  "exterior."  etc.  Very  litth 
used,  almost  obsolete  and  not  one  Chinook  talker  in  a  hundrec 
would  know  Its  meaning  nowadays.  "Mahsh"  is  used  wit? 
other  words  to  take  its  place  nowadays. 

DISTRESS- MENTAL  OR  PHYSICAL. 

KLAHOWYUM. 

(See  "Klahowya.") 
.;„.r^'^''°'^^""'"    I^^ctically    obsolete    now;    meaning    above 

?   nil  nTJ.r""^" "vl  u"^  ^'IT^  ''"*  '^^   ^o'-d  is   scarcely  used 
a    all  nowadays.     "Klahowya"  was  once  used  in  an  interchange- 

;'n^ShowvL"  P'f  °"^T"  '^"^ ''''  '^""  '^ "°-  ^■'-'"<i«^ 

^r,:  voT,  ?•-       r     '  changed  m  meanmg  to  the  salutation,  "How 

^f  "iriol  °»'^r  "'^  ?'^^'*  ImWans  would  know  the  meaning 

of    Klahowyum"  if  used  today.  ^ 


-klah-    and    pronounce 


SLOW. 

KLAHWA. 

A    as    in    father,    both    .syllables;    accent 
Klah-wah. 

Formerly  the  word  meant  "slow,"  "go  slow,"  "caution" 
ec.  but  ,s  practically  obsolete  now  and  so  little  used  as  to  be 
almost  useless  to  Chinook  unless  revived.  The  cornmon  way 
of  saying  "slow"  now  is  "Wake  hyak"  (not  fast). 

AWAY  FROM  — OFF  OF. 

KLAK. 

i  rorounce  as   written. 

litrl.^^f'^'i"^'  meaning  was  to  "take  off."  "put  away,"  etc.     So 
Imle  used  now  as  to  be  practically  obsolete. 


.4 


THB  CHINOOK  BOOK 


43 


BLACK  — DARK  BLUE. 
KLALE. 

\  ,Ti  ill  fate;  accent  -a-  and  pronounce  as  written. 

"Klale"  means  "black,"  primarily,  though  it  is  often  used 
I..  iiie:in  dark  blue  or  any  other  very  dark  color.  It  is  a  curious 
lint  tliat  all  Indians  use  the  same  words  to  mean  "black"  or 
"(lark  l)!ue"  when  speaking  in  their  own  tongue,  and  I  do  not 
knriw  of  any  Indians  who  have  different  words  for  "black"  and 
"blue,"  so  it  is  not  surprising  that  the  word  "Klale"  covers  both 
these  colors,  and  in  addition,  any  other  very  dark  color,  in 
I  Chinook. 

"Klale"  is  used  to  mean  dark  color  in  or  connected  with 
iiivlhing. 

FxampUs:  "Klale  man,"  "Black  man"  (negro).  "Okeoke 
klale-oent"  "That  is  black  paint."  "Nika  tika  klale  sail,"  "I 
want  some  blue  cloth."  ("Delate-klale."  "black".)  "Okeoke 
t'zum  klale  sail  klosh,"  "That  black-spotted-cloth  (is)  good. 
"Mika  nanage  nika  klale  kuitan?"  "(Have)  vou  seen  my  black 
horse?" 

FIND. 

KLAP. 

Pronounce  as  written. 

"Klap"  means  "f^nd,"  "to  find,"  "did  find,"  "will  find,"  or 
anv  ether  idea  connected  with  "find"  or  "found,  and  is  used 
accDrdingly  with  prefix  or  following  words  to  brmg  out  the  full 
meaning,  just  as  many  other  Chinook  words  are  used. 

E.xamples:  "T'solo  nika  opitsah,  spose  mesika  klap?"  "Lost 
my  knife  is  (do  you)  suppose  (we  can)  find  (it)?"  Nika  klap 
ict  siawash  cosho  bebe,"  "I  found  a  baby  seal.  Kah  mika 
klap  okeoke?"  "Where  (did)  you  find  that?  Klosh  nanage 
nika  pe  hal-  klap  nika  lehash,"  "I  have  looked  good  and  cannot 
1,11(1  my  axe.  (Literally:  "Good  look  I  and  no  find  my  axe.  ) 
"Nika  tumtum  wake  mika  klap  mika  canim,  I  think  not  you 
I  will)  find  your  canoe." 

A  LIE. 

KLIMINAWHIT. 

1   as  in   hit   (all   syllables);   a   as   in  father;   accent   -min-   and 

pronounce  KH-min-a-whit. 

Formerly  used  to  mean  "a  lie,"  "falsehood,"  "untruth," 
etc.  Nowadays  so  little  used  as  to  be  practically  obsolete. 
"Mox  wawa"  (double  talk)  is  most  commonly  used  to  indicate 
•  lie"  now  and  very  few  Chinook  speakers  would  know  the 
t'leanmg  of  "Kliminawhit"  if  it  were  used. 


44 


THE   CHINOOK   BOOK 


PIF.VF.RI/I'.n—  FINFI.Y   GROUND. 
KLIMIN. 

I    as    in    liiiu    (''"tli    syllables);    accent     klim-    and    pronounce 

Klini-niin. 

"Klimin"  means  purvcrized.  finely  ground,  flour-like  in 
character,  etc.     Xow  so  little  used  as  to  be  nearly  obsolete. 

A   MAT    MADE   OF-    RUSHES. 
KLISKWIS. 

I  as  in  Ills  (botli   syllables);  accent    klis-  and  'jronouncc  Kl"» 

kwis. 

Siawasli  name  fur  the  mats  tliey  weave  fr&  n  leaves  of  th( 
"cattail"  and  use  as  a  mattress.  Of  little  nse  in  Chmook  exccp 
when  trading  for  or  buying  these  niats.  Never  used  in  ordi 
nary   Chinook  conversation  otherwise. 

THREE. 
KLONE. 

O  as  in  home;  pronounce  as  written. 

"Klone."  the  numeral  "three."  Used  in  Chinook  exactly  a 
"three'  is  used  in    English. 

Examples:  "Klone  man  chaco,"  "Three  men  cume."  "Nik 
tika  klone  kuitan,"  "1  want  three  horses." 

"-O  TIE. 
KOW. 

Pronounce   same  as    English   "cow." 

"Kow"  means  "to  tie,"  "fasten,"  "make  fast,"  etc.  "Ms 
mook"  is  used  as  a  prefix  word  to  mean  "make  tied"  (tie  it 
"Wake"  or  "Halo"  used  as  prefix  words  makes  the  negativ 
meaning  of  "not"  or  "no-tie."  "Mahsh"  used  as  a  prefix  mean 
to  "untie,"  "loosen,"  etc. 

Examples:  "Mamook  kow  nika  lacasset,"  "Make  tie  up  m 
trunk."  "Yahka  kow,  nah?"  "Is  it  tied?"  "Klosh  kow  kahkw 
okeoke,"  "It  is  well  tied  that  way."  "Halo  mika  kow  okeoke, 
"Do  not  (you)  tie  that."  "Wake  nika  tumtum  mika  mamook  kc 
mika  kuitan,"  "Not  I  think  you  make  tied  your  horse."  "Wak 
kow— mahsh!"  "Don't  tie  it -untie  it!"  "Mahsh  yahka  kow  cop 
lope  copo  kowmux,"  "Untie  the  rope  that  fastens  the  dog 


.t^ 


THE  CHINOOK   BOOK  4* 

HARD  —  SOLID  -  ROCKLIKE. 
KULL. 

::;;;ri;,sy.""fm.  .';"'-oi'.7t,.^n,  ■■i..n,"  m  „,»  «„„  or 

,„,,..      ,l,,,y    l,ar,l  .;ha>    '  y;j    "„»>;„,  (^:'  ...frTcan)  »ork 
:^:1'?.  "?',  ToH*  »„"ra,lok''E;.  ^  n,„  ..<e.,  ...  -..y  gr.a. 

FENCE. 

KULL  AG  AN. 

V  as   in  hull;   a  as  in   ran    (both    syllables);   accent    -kull-   and 
,,rotu)uncc   Kull-la-gan.  ^   ,c  ♦«  h^ 

The  word  means  "fence."  but  is  so  seldom  used  as  to  be 

i,r  Ktically  obsolete.  _ 

'  ONE  QUARTER. 

KWAHTAH. 

A  corruption  of  English  "Quarter."  Pjo"^"""^  niosUy 'lo 

\!;:A  partly  Chinook  bu.  "'•o"^"'?,''^^   J^^!!  1','  .l,"/  SSli 
t- :'nrfoTf4",r..ri!;'^h'?oun"y  Uere  Chinook  H  s.ok- 

'"•  NINE. 

KWAIST. 

"Kwai<»t"  is  the  correal  Chinook  for  the  numeral  "nine" 
,„u  i^rrt  u"ed  in  a?t"al  conversation  as  much  as  some  fig^ 
Mr.-combination  like  "six  and  three     (to»f«^  P?  ^l^""^^ ^^  only 

;  ;„;:t"„.  e'y:=;^aS"™ta^  o.%^r«- 

:v-,,.rw':li.fs;'i.^-w^^n^nsef£^=^'|^; 

,,ti...r  of  the  figure-names  in  Chmook.     (Sec     Counting  m  urn 
nook.") 


44 


THB  CHINOOK  BOOK 


GLAD  — JOY. 

KWAN. 

A  as  in  father;  accent  -a-  and  pronounce  Kwah-n-n  with  nasal 
n  sound  slightly  prolonged  to  end  the  word. 
"Kwan"   means   "glad,"   "gladness,"   "joy,"   etc.      It   coven 

the    Indian    idea,    "my    heart    is    good"    or     glad-towards-you' 

"glad;for-you,"   etc.      Used    as    English    "glad"    to   cover   8am« 

meanings   in   speaking   Chinook. 

F'xamplcs:  "Nika  kwan  spose  mika  chaco,"  "I  (will  be) 
KJad  if  you  come."  "Hiyu  kwan  nika,"  "Much  glad  me."  "SpoK 
lolo  okeoke  t'zum  sail  copo  mika  klootchman  yahka  chaco  delat< 
kwan  nika  tumtum."  "if  you  carry  that  calico  to  your  womar 
she  will  he  glad  1  think."  (Literally:  "If  (you)  carry  thai 
spotted  with  c(dnr  clotli  to  your  woman  she  comes  very  glac 
1  think.") 

AFRAID  — FEAR. 

KWASS. 

A   as   in    fatiier;   accent   a-a   and   pronounce    Kwass    (as   thougl 
spelled  Qu-wass-s-s). 

"Kwass"  means  "afraid  of,"  "timid."  "fear,"  etc.,  and  i' 
used  like   English  "afraid." 

Examples:      "Kwass    nika    spose    klatawa    copo    chuck,' 

"Afraid    I    (am)    if   (wc)    go   on   the   water."     "Klatawal    Niki 
kuitan   hiyu   kwass  pe   halo   klatawa   copo,   halo  wawa  hiyu,' 

"Go  away!    My  horse  (is)  much  afraid  and  will  not  go  by  (you) 
(keep  still,  do)  not  talk  loud  (or  shout),  etc." 


FIVE. 
KWINUM. 

1  as  in  win;  u  as  in  up;  accent  -kwin-  and  pronounce  Kwin-um 
"Kwinum"  is  the  Chinook  word  for  the  numeral  "five"  anc 

has   no   other  meaning.      Used   the   same   as   English   "five"  i; 

used  to  indicate  that  number  in  any  situation. 

Examples:     "Nika  potlatch  kwinum  dollah  copo  John,"  "1 

gave  five  dollars  to  John."     "Kwinum  kuitan  nika  tika,"  "Fiv< 

horses  I  want." 

EAR  — HEAR. 
KWOLAN. 

O  as  in  oat;  a  as  in  man;  accent  -kwo-  and  pronounce  Kwo-lan 

"Kwolan"    means    tlic    "ear"    or    "hearing,"    "to    hear,"    etc 

It  covers  the  whole  idea  of  "hearing"  or  "the  ear"  from  an) 


TH«  CHINOOK   TOOK 


47 


um-U.  ami  is  used  in  Chinook  as  "ear"  or  "hear"  is  uted  in 

i:xa.uples.    "Sick  nika  kwolan.  ^loih  apoM  chaco  Udoctta 

■suk  mv  car  (is)   irooil  suppose  comes  (the)  doctor.        K-ioan 
kiolarll"     "Listen!-'    "Siah  kwolan-kuitan."  "A  mule  (long-cared 

THEY  — THF.M— THEIR.    ETC. 
KLASKA. 

\  ;,s  in  hat;  a  as  in  father;  accent  -klas-  and  pronounce  Klasi- 

kah.  . 

"Klaska"    covers   the    idea   of    the    third    person    plura»   o* 

1  „Khsh  and  is  usually  used  in  the  sense  of  "they  who     or  to 

nuan  "their"  in  talking  Chinook. 

Examples:  "Klaska  chaco  wake  lalie  "  "They  came  a  little 
while  aKo"  "Mika  wawa  konaway  klaska  mamook  kwoUn, 
•Nou  tcllall  (of)  them  (to)  listen."  "Klosh  spoae  konaway 
chaco  pe  lolo  konaway  klaska  ictas  pe  mithte  copo  okeoke 
illahee5"Let  them  all  come  and  bring  all  their  thmgs  and  stay 
(l,N.)  upon  this  land."  (Literally,  "Good  if  all  come  and  bring 
ill  their  tilings  and  live  on  this  land.") 

WHO  —  WHOSE  —  WHICH. 

KLAXTAH. 

.\  as  in  hat;  a  as  in  father;  accent  -klax-  and  pronounce  Klax- 

tah. 

"Klaxtah"  covers  the  English  interrogation  "^yho?"  and 
hxts  relative  person  as  "the-man-who."  or  ownership  as  the- 
man-whose-dog  is,"  etc.  It  may  also  mean  which  0".  "« 
most  common  use  of  it  is  in  some  form  of  inquiry  usmg  the 
word  to  mean  "Who?",  "Who  is  it?",  etc. 

Examples:     "Klaxtah  okeoke?"  "Who  is  that?"     "K  axtah 

mamook?"  "Who   did   it?"     Klaxtah  mika  tikcum?       Who   is 

v„„r   friend?"     "Klaxtah   man   n.amook   poh?"     Which    (one) 

red  the  gun  (shot)?"    "Klaxtah  man,  Chim,  nah  Bill?    "Which 

man,  Jim  or   (perhaps)    Bill?"     (Literally,   "Which   man.  Jim? 


Bill?") 


HOW  — WHY. 


KAHTAH. 

\  a^  in  father  with  h  breath  sound  following  in  both  syllables; 

:iccent  -kah-  and  pronounce  Kah-tah. 

"Kahtah"   is   used   in   asking   all   questions   of   "How?"   or 

Vviiy?"  just  as  ihe  English  words  arc  used.     The  exact  niean- 

mg  of  the  word  depends  on  the  words  used  with  it  coupled 


J ; 


48 


THE   CHINOOK   BOOK 


with  the  time,  place  and  conditions  under  which  they  are  used. 
If  you  were  to  kick  your  dog  and  I  asked  you,  "Kahtah  mika 
mamook  okeoke?"  the  meaning  would  he,  "Why  did  you  do 
that^"  But  if  you  were  to  do  a  trick,  somethnig  1  did  not 
understand,  then  I  ask  the  same  question  with  the  same  words. 
"Kahtah  mika  mamook  okeoke?"  Then  the  "Kahtah  changes 
to  "How"  so  that  the  sentence  nuans,  "How  did  you  do  that? 
The  word  "Kahtah"  is  the  word  symbol  for  either  the  idea 
"how"  or  the  separate  idea  "whv."  and  the  meaning  is  always 
determined  l.y  the  subject  in  liand,  tin-  conditions  ^<ir;;""'lViK 
the  speaker  and  listener  and  the  wurds  useil  to  follow  Kahtah. 
This  holds  good  with  very  many  CIiinoMk  W()r('s  and  is  even 
more  important  in  sentence-making  when  Chinook  is  spoken. 


A 


LiKK  — THE  SAMF.  AS  — SIMILAR  TfX 
KAHKWA. 

as   in    father  in   both    syllables;    accent    -kah-    and    pronounce 
'  Kahk-wah,  with    slightly   trailing  breath   "h"   sound   at   end. 

"Kahkwa"  alone  means  "like"  in  a  comparative  sense,  that 
is,  "like  unto,"  "the  same  as."  etc.  It  is  nearly  always  used 
with  other  word  combinations  as  a  prefix  that  fixes  tlie_  idea 
of  similarity  in  any  two  objects  or  groups  of  objects.  Some- 
times it  is  used  alone  but  not  often.  It  covers  the  whole  idea 
of  similarity. 

Examples:  "Kahkwa,"  "Alike  (they  are)."  "Delate  kahk- 
wa" "Exactly  alike.  "Mika  kahkwa  nika,"  "You  are  like  me.^^ 
"Kwonesum  kahkwa,"  "Always  alike."  "Kcnaway  kahkwa, 
"All  alike  (they  arc)."  "Halo  kahkwa,"  "Not  ahke.  not  the 
same,  different  from."  (Literally:  "No  alike"  or  "no  the 
same.")  "Kahkwa  nika  tumtum,"  "I  think  as  you  do."  (Liter- 
ally "The  same  (as  yours)  inv  thoughts  are.")  "Mox  canim 
kahkwa,"  "Two  canoes  just  alike."  "Halo  mamook  kahkwa 
okeoke,"  "Do  not  do  it  that  way."  (Literally:  "No-do  the 
same-as-that.") 

Sometimes  "Kahkwa"  is  used  in 
laSt  above  sentence,  but  usu.ally  it  is  used  as  a  <i 
word  as  in  the  other  examples  above. 

"Kahkwa"  is  also  used  to  determine  a  like  quality  as 
"Kahkwa  chickamun,"  "Like  metal."  Semi-fluid  could  be 
explained  by  saying  it  was  "like  water"  (Kahkwa  chuck),  or 
it  could  be  called  "Sitkum  chuck"  (half- water)  and  the  idea 
would  be  understood.  The  physical,  granulated  character  of 
sugar  could  be  expressed  by  saying  that  it  was  "like  sand^_ 
(Kahkwa  polalie  illahee)  or  that  it  was  "like  gun-powder 
(Kahkwa  calapeen  polalie).  A  great  range  of  understanding 
can  be  expressed  thus  by  the  use  of  "Kahkwa"  in  one  combina- 


qualifying  way  as  in  the 
<iualifying  prefix 


^A 


THE  CHINOOK  BOOK 


49 


tu^r  to  mean  about  what  the  Chinaman  means  when 
!''^w.•%lesame^  You  cannot  say  "fly"  (to  Ay)  in  Chmook 
he  says    Aiie  sduic.  thus-     *  Mamook  kankwa 

i:  ;^  n'^'\r&y''    "utlsA^^^^^  again    by 

kulakula.        ^V        in,i',w„1a "     f Literally:     "Goes- ike-a-bird.") 

•'^^'^.Tahkia^-v.J?\t"l"ole^^^^^^^^^^^^ 

hk.  n«s  S  and  should  be  used  to  express  all  .deas  deahng 

wall  these  subjects. 

BEHIND -FOLLOWING -COME  AFTER -REAR. 

KIMTAH. 
1  :,s  in  him;  a  as  in  father;  accent  -kim-  and  pronounce  Kim 

"Kimtah"  covers  the  whole  idea  of  "following"  or  "follow- 
„,.-  after,"  "being  the  last  one,"  "coming  afterwards.       It  hxes 
ace  by  meanini  the  nether  or  last  end    the  outs.de  end.  etc 
t  IS  used  in  a  large  variety  of  ways  both  as  a  Prefix  word  and 
d-..  as  a  following  word   to   qualify  the  ojher   words   of  the 
..  nunce.     Its  meaning  depends  on  how  and  where  it  is  used. 
Examples:     "Kimtah  sitkum  sun  nika  <=^f *^°1^  ^^his  after- 
,>,.un  1   (will)   come."     "Konaway  mika  delate  kimtah.       You 
.^alwayl very  late  (behind  time)."  . "Nika  klatawa  e lip  spos, 
rniW:.   china  kuntah."   "I    (w  1)    go   in   front    (before)    if   you 
r^   H)  c^m"  bS"^    "MesW    h^o  kimtah."  "(We  will).c^me 
behind."    C"We  will  follow  you."    "We  will  come  later    )     Hgo 
mika  kimtah  nika,"  "Do  not  get  behind  me.      (Literally.      No 
\.  n  behind-me  (get).") 

CLEAR   OF -FREE    FROM -OPEN    UP -TO    GET 
AWAY  FROM. 
KLAH. 
.\  as  in  father;  kl  together  softly;  the  predominating  sound  in 
the  word  is  -ah-;  pronounce  as  written. 
"Klah"  alone  is  a  corruption  of,  and  means  the  same  as,  tne 
!  r.glish  "clear"  in  the  sense  that  "The  sky  is  clear."  and  also 
,a   the   sense   of  "stand   away   from"   or     keep   clear   of.       Its 
uKaning   with    other    words    is    flexible    enough  .to    cover    the 
whole   idea   of  "free   from,"   "get   away   from."     will   get   free 

'   "Examples:      "Nika    chaco    klah.;'    "You    co^ie    free-fromT 
n,.t  away  from  there   so  you  won't  mterfere.)       >yake  klah. 
f  mtum  snass,"  "(Is  is)  not  clear,  (it  wi  1)  I  thmk   ram  (soon)^ 
Klosh  nanage!    Klah  yahka  stone!"     "Look  out!    Keep  clear 
.  ;  (them,  thf  rocks!"     (This  would  be  "jedm  running  a  rapid 
-,  canoe    etc)     "Mamook  klah  okeoke  lUahee  copo  stick, 
.  l^af  Tat' piece  of  Umber  ground."     (Ht^aUy:     "Make  clear 
t   ground   of    (the)    timber    (now   on    it).')       Klah   okeoke 
diuck."  "Clear  that  water  (is)." 


1% 


'ml 


50 


I 
I 


THB  CHINOOK  BOOK 


HOW  ARE  YOU  — GREETING. 


KLAHOWYA. 

A  as  in  father;  ow  together  as  in  how;  a  as  in  father  but  with 

a  slightly  flattened  sound  of  u  as  in  up  to  end  the  word; 

accent  -how-  and  pronounce  Kla-how-yah(uh). 

"Klahowya"  is  the  Chinook  greeting  that  covers  the  same 

idea  as  "How  are  you"  in  English.     Its  use  is  almost  entirely 

limited   to   tlic   above   though   in   cases   it  is   also  used   as   an 

answer  to  a  greeting  and  then  means  "I  am  well,"  "I  am  all 

right."  etc.    It  is  not  often  used  this  way.  however. 

Examples:  "Klahowya,  tilacumi"  "How  are  you,  friend!" 
"Kloshl"  "Good!" 

"Klahowya,  tilacum!"  "How  are  you,  friend!"  "Nika  kla- 
howya," "I  am  well."  ("I  am  all  right.")  The  word  "Six"  is 
also  frequently  used  with  "Klahowya"  instead  of  "Tilacum," 
and  means  "friend"  just  as  "tilacum"  does,  only  in  a  more 
limited  way — that  is,  it  lacks  the  various  meanings  of  "Tilacum" 
and  is  limited  to  mean  only  "friend,"  hence  its  use  very  fre- 
quently witli  the  salutation  "Klahowya"  instead  of  "Tilacum," 
thus:  "Klahowya  six."  Klahowya"  is  also  sometimes  used  to 
mean  "goodbye"  but  not  often. 


GO  — TO  GO  — WENT  — GONE  — GOING  — WILL  GO. 

KLATAWA. 

A  as  in  hat;  a  as  in  fatlier;  vva  as  in  was;  accent  -klat-  and  pro- 
nounce Klat-ah-wah,  with  trailing  breath  sound  of  h  to  end 
the  word. 

"Klatawa"  alone  means  "go"  (the  action).  It  is  used  as  a 
command  and  to  designate  the  past,  present  and  future  of  the 
act  of  going.  Its  meaning  in  spoken  Cliinook  is  governed  by 
the  words  used  with  it,  by  the  subject  talked  about  and  by  the 
bearing  of  the  surroundings  on  the  subject,  speaker  and  hearer. 
It  covers  the  whole  idea  of  "go,"  "went,"  "gone,"  and  "will  go," 
"may  go,"  "could,  would  or  should  go,"  "can  go,"  "must  go," 
"shall  go,"  "do  go,"  "do  not  go,"  etc.  Use  it  anywhere  to  mean 
the  same  as  English  "go"  and  it  will  be  right. 

Examples:  "Klatawa,"  "Go.'  (Get  out,  go  away.)  "Kah 
mika  klatawa?"  "Where  do  you  go?"  "Konce  mesika  klatawa," 
"When  wc  go."  "Spose  mika  klatawa?"  "Will  you  go?"  "Nika 
klatawa  delate  ahncuttie,"  "I  went  a-long-time-ago.  '  "Comtox 
klatawa?"  "Do  you  understand  the  going?"  (The  way.)  "Kona- 
way  klatawa  wake  lalie,"  "All  (everybody)  going  (will  go) 
soon."  "Klonas  nika  klatawa,"  "Perhaps  (maybe)  1  (will)  go." 
"Wake  mika  klatawa,"    "Do  not  go   (you)."      "Nowitka,  nika 


M''' 


THB   CHINOOK  BOOK 


51 

"I 


klatawa,"  "Yes,  I  (will  or  can)  go."    "Halo  nika  klatawa," 
will  not  go." 

There  is  room  for  almost  unlimited  combinations  wiwi  other 
words  in  Chinook  where  "Klatawa"  can  be  used  to  mean  "go" 
iii-t  as  "mamook"  means  all  other  actions  except  "come." 

II  —  PERHAPS  — MAYBE  — DOUBT    OR    DOUBTFUL  — 
UNCERTAIN  —  MAY  —  POSSIBLY. 

KLONAS. 

()  ns   in   home;   a   as   in   hat;   accent  -klo-,   dwell    slightly   on 

nasal  n   and   trail   all   three   last   letters   n-a-s   so   that  last 

half   of   the   word   "drags"   in   speaking   and   pronounce   it 

Klo-n-n-a-s   with    a   slight   hissing   sound   to   end. 

"Klonas"  is  the  Chinook  symbol  of  "doubt,"  "uncertainty," 

"possibility    unknown,"    etc.       It    is    almost    the    opposite    of 

"Klosh"  or  "Delate"  in  its  ability  to  cast  doubt  as  against  the 

iibility  of  "Klosh"  or  "Delate"  to  affirm  and  add  certainty  to 

,1  >ubject. 

"Klonas"  is  always  used  as  a  prefix  word  to  cast  doubt 
MM  the  subject  under  discussion  and  always  implies  uncer- 
lainty  on  the  nart  of  the  speaker  or  asks  the  question  "Do 
veil  know?"  "/^re  you  sure?"  etc.,  of  the  listener.  In  speak- 
ii!^'  Chinook  always  use  "Klonas"  to  mean  doubt  or  uncer- 
tiiinty  under  any  circumstances  and  it  will  be  right. 

Examples:  "Kionas  nika  chaco,"  "Perhaps  I  (will)  come." 
"Klonas  halo,"  "I  think  not  (but  I  do  not  know)."  "Klonas 
mika  nanage  nika  kowmux?"  "Have  you  seen  (perhaps  you 
i  :ive  seen)  my  dog?" 

When  spoken,  "Klo-o-o-n-n-n-a-a-a-s,"  with  a  heavy  shrug 
ni  tlie  shoulders,  it  means  "Who  knows?"  exactly  as  the  Span- 
ish "Quien  sabe?"  expresses  the  same  idea.  "Klonas  nowitka," 
IVrhaps — I  think  probably,  but  am  not  certain."  "Klonas 
cultas  okeoke,"  "Maybe  it  is  bad.  "Klonas  klosh  okeoke," 
Maybe  it  is  good,"  etc.  The  combination  of  words  is  almost 
unlimited  so  that  "Klonas"  introduces  the  element  of  doubt. 
"Klonas  nika  comtox  klaxtah  okeoke  man,"  "Perhaps  (possibly) 
I  understand  (who)  that  man  (is)."  (I  am  not  certain  about  it 
—I  have  doubts.)    "Halo  klonas,"  "No  doubt." 

CRY  — MOURN. 
KLY. 


Pronounce    same   as    English    spelling. 

'Kly"  is  the 
etc.,   in    Chinook. 


"Kly"   is  the   term   used   to  mean   "cry,"  "mourn,"  "weep," 
It   covers   the   whole   idea   of   mourning   or 


■;  m 


=*  *i 


THB  CHINOOK  BOOK 
du'tres..    Not  very  much  used.    It  is  a  corruption  of  EngUsh 
""'Lmples:     "Nika  b.b.  delate  fj-jfi'".^^'^^ 

■^  a,e"'cV/i°ki  -"  i'^"  '^/^oose^'fhe   (that) 
SSian    cries   (mourns)   l.e   (her)    husb.nd  comes  dead. 

GOOD  -  RIGHT  -SAFE  -  BEST  -  SATISFACTORY. 

KLOSH. 

The  common   and  most  frequent  meaning  .?'  "■^"^V; 

Wai' it'  u?-";;  ■•Tt'ir7  h;"s=ho««  oT'^ort. 

"""prin^riiru   can   be    said    to    be    the    symbol    word    that 
s,a„fs"p't^...in.  and    anything   ^^^^.^^^-d,    r.g       , 

Useir  au  omaacally  when  one  begins  to  speak  Chinook^ 

Examoles-  "Okeoke  klosV  "That  (is)  good."  "Yahka  man 
nika  kStUacum,"  "That  man  (he  is)  >-/  ve-y  good  frgnd 
"Sosh   canim   okeoke."   "A    good    canoe    that    (is).         Klosn 
muckamuck/'  "Good  eaUng^(or^  Good  to  eat  )    ..  Klos^^^tum 
turn  mka  copo  mika.  ..^  ^hink  weu  o^  y         k  ^^^^  ^^^„ 

good  toward  you  )        Klosh  ^^^^^     ^  chaco."  "Good  you 
(or  "Good    ike-that  (it  is).  )       Klosn  "^"^ ..^"Ir^:   .i,  nanaee!" 

t^r;r.ers:t,.::'';«ryoj|.ir/,;f£^ 

klosh  wawa,"   "You  made   a  good   talk.   ^^    Klosn  Kiooicnm 
okeoke,"  "(A)    good  woman   that    (one;.  „.„„„» 

"Klosh  soose"  is  the  word  "klosh"  combined  with  '  spose 
(a    co^r?pdon    of     he    English   "suppose")    and    this    form    of 
>'klosh"    fused  to  suggest  something  to  be  done  S^to^^^^u^ 
if  you  approve  of  some  suggested   idea,  thus.       Klosh  spoM 


THB  CHINOOK  BOOK. 


53 


.  I  u.^v.  nUVi"  "fT    think  it   would   be)    good    (or 

:S)"?TgeM?om?t*th5    fish?  fand    by  implied  tnean- 
^l    "So   vou   anree?").     "Klosh-spose   nika   mamook   heehee 

conveyed  by  the  words  actually  spoken. 

WOMAN  —  FEMALE. 
KLOOTCHMAN. 

Kl  together;  oo  as  in  coo;  tch  together ;  a  as  in  man;accent 

-klootch-  and  pronounce  Kloo-tsch-man. 

The  whole  meaning  of  the   word   .s    '-°">^"  ^^f  ^J^re  it 
alone  and  yet  it  always  fixes  female  sex  m  any  case  where 
is  used  as  a  prefix  word.  ,,     ^.  „     ../ct,.^     ;=     mv 

Fxamoles-      "Yahka    nika    klootchman,'        (^he)     is    m^ 

txarnpes.        ,f^    ,         -^  ^  „„  Mootchman."     That  is 

ry'lUtli  ^'l^'     "Y°owah  Ufklootchman  kuitan."  "There  is 
my  mare    (female  horse)."  •.      •     c     ^    k„   .-nrlipatinff 

whites  because  it  is  the  natural  way  «*   speech   wun    i 
same  sentence  and  it  fixes  the  meaning  as.     my 

KOK-SHUT. 
accent  -kok-  and  pronounce  Kauk-shut. 


I' 


54 


THE  CHINOOK  BOOK 


I 
i 


ditions    t   is   used      If  r-,,,   !!,         I.r   ^"  ^."^  under  what  con- 

"My  family  is  SLrgL,  ^^  I  "  or"  any  \Tn,i/a'r' '"  "'  •'"'   ''^'^'^•" 
as    to   mean    that    "I    was    bad^v    h^^^t  '-^m      meaning  as   well 

•s  used  as  a  prefix  meaning  fjfnf  "'«  ^^ord  "chaco"  (comes) 
come"  (that  is  co  t^-n^nfAT^  r  ""^  ^  -^'""8^  "comes"  or  "has 
or  it  "wili  com'e"  s"  ^  '  ^'sorgan.zed  state,  wrecked,  etc 

Examples:     "Nika  delate  kokshut "   "r    r         c    t-     . 
badlv  (^siVt^  '•     "Ml.       "V'''^  KOKsnut,       1    (am   feelmg)   very 
oaaiy  (sick).        Nika  camm  chaco  kokshut"  "Mv  c^n^J  ru     ^ 
become    a    wreck  "      "H«oo    u  i    i.  ."*'       "^y  canoe  (has) 

man"  "T  ^       kokshut    yahka    man    (or    okeoke 

man,       That   man    was   badlv   hurt"     "»■-,«,  •.       °"*°** 

chaco  kokshut"  "Ml  n.,  7       1  Konaway  nika  tilacum 

i„„.        °tf,      '      '^"  ."'>   ^"^"^s  come  scattered."     (Full  mean- 

ALL-  ENTIRE  _  FINISHED  -  TOTAL  -  EVERYONE. 

KONAWAY. 

words.  It  is  safe  to  use^t  /n  -.^  "^  ^''^K^  °"  ^''^  ^Poken 
lined  ideas  taken  from  any  anele"wS.°^  '}'u^^?^^  o"t- 
as  prefix  words,  make  ttZel^'^not  ^ifj^\i:t ^^f"  ""'^ 

gethfr'-'me    "f  r"'^'"  "^"•"     "^°P°  >^°"«-ay."  "All   to- 
getner.        (The    whole    company,    the    entire    lot  ^      "«■«„ 
man  nanage,"  "All  men  see  "    «M^«L  i,  ?         "^       Konaway 
sun."  -We  went    (traveled)    all  d^y    t g '^X\^^^^^ 

ctrtiL^^^?,r;oT:h  v^h'"  °"-^^-'^^^^^^^^^^ 

"Halo    konaty   itl^li^^^.t^^rr  ^Jj-^r  theVr^"" 

evTr;i47.  ::cT""^^:r:r"^'  "°^  c:rr;"arofre  itr 

not    all-of-Vouimc  across  ""'"'/  '""•'^\*=»'«°  «-*«''  "Do- 
"Do  you  want  all  (oH^T^all  of't^ere  t^i^^^    '^°"^-'^'" 


THB   CHINOOK  BOOK 


55 


ROTH  — TOGETHER  WITH  — BESIDE  — ALONG  WITH 
—  JOIN  — UNITED. 

KUNAMOX. 

U  as  in  up;  a  as  in  father;  o  as  in  ox;  accent  -kun-  and  pro- 
nounce  Kun-a-mox. 

"Kunamox"  is  usually  used  to  mean  "both"  or  "together 
with,"  but  is  flexible  enough  to  cover  the  whole  idea  of 
"joined"  or  "united"  as  understood  in   English. 

Examples:  "Nesika  chaco  kunamox  tomalla,"  "Both  of 
you  come  together  tomorrow."  "Halo  chaco  kunamox,"  "Do 
iK)t  come  together."  "Yahka  kuitan  mamook  klosh  spose 
kunamox,"  "Those  (the)  horses  work  good  (if)  they  (are) 
together."  "Klosh  kahkwah,  mamook  kunamox,"  "(It  is)  good 
that  way  (liite  that),  put  them  together."  (Literally:  "Good 
the-same-as,  work-together.") 


HOW  MANY  — HOW   MUCH  — HOW   IS  — WHEN. 

KONCE. 

O  as  in  on;  ce  together,  sounded  as  see;  accent  -kon-  and 
pronounce  Kohn-seh,  with  -kon-  accented  and  ce  so 
shortened  and  low  spoken  that  it  sounds  almost  like 
seh,  but  not  quite — make  it  about  halfway  between  "see" 
and  "seh"  of  English  and  it  will  be  correct. 

"Konce"  in  Chinook  is  the  equal  of  the  English  interroga- 
tion "How?"  and  of  the  time  interrogation  "When?"  and  is 
always  used  as  a  prefix  word  to  give  other  words  the  ques- 
tion value  as  above.  It  is  never  used  to  mean  "where"  (Kah) 
but  always  to  cover  ideas  dealing  with  "How?"  or  "When?" 
It  also  fixes  "when"  as  a  time  element  in  the  sense  of  "the- 
time-when"  something  occurred,  etc.  It  is  never  used  in  any 
other  way  but  to  express  one  of  the  above  three  meanings, 
and  Its  exact  meaning  is  always  brought  out  by  the  way  it  is 
used  with  the  other  words. 

Examples:  "Konce  chickamun?"  "How  much  money?" 
"Konce  siah?"  "How  far  (is  it)?"  'Konce  nika  klatawa?" 
"When  (do)  I  go?"  "Konce  okeoke?"  "How  (is)  that?"  "Konce 
mika  chaco?"  "When  (will)  you  come?"  "Konce  nika  nanage 
Chim  nika  wawa,"  "When  I  see  Jim  I  (will)  tell  (him)."  "Konce 
kowmux  nika  iskum?"  "How  many  dogs  have  you   (got)?" 


THB  CHINOOK  BOOK 


ALWAYS  — TO     BE     CONTINUOUS  — FOREVER  — UN- 
CEASING. 

KWONESUM. 

O  as  in  own:  e  as  in  sec;  n  as  in   sum;  accent  -ne-  and  oro- 
nounce   Kwo-nee-sum. 

.     „"?''°"""'","  '^  tfie  word  symbol  of  "always"  or  "everlast- 
ing    m    Chmook   and    covers    the    whole    idea    of   "continual" 

t^  fi  "i'*°CP'"^"r  ''^^-  ^*  '?  ^'^'■'y^  "sed  as  a  prefix  word 
to  fix  the  Idea  of  perpetuation,  continuance,  keeoine  at  it 
never   stopping,   etc.  f  ^  n    -^^^   i^. 

Examples:  "Kwonesum  chaco  okeoke  chuck,"  "Alwav^ 
kahWa  "  "Vr'r[.  f^.^P^-on-coming)."  "Nowitka.  kwonesum 
kahkwa.  Yes,  (it  is)  always  like  that  (that  way)."  "Kwwie- 
sum  sahale  tyee."  "(The)  always  up  above  chief  (gS* 
„^:f°".f"""  "'J^a  klatawa  pe  klatawa."  "Always  you  go  and 
go.  Kwonesum  nika  tika  okeoke,"  "Always  I  want  that 
(have  wanted  that)."  "Kwonesum  halo  muckamuck"  "Al- 
ways not-eat  (that)"     (Never  eat  that-it  is  not  to  be 'eaten.) 

Kwonesum    nika   halo   nanage."      (Literally;      "Always    I   no 

ce.       (I  have  never  seen  (it).) 


see 


A  MOUNTAIN  — THE   MOUNTAINS. 
LAMOUNT'N. 

^  ^'Jn„i?'  °/'  '"  ^'°^''  *t"  ^'  ^  •'"^'"8r  in  nasal  n;  accent 
-mount-  and  pronounce  Lay-mount-n-n,  shortening  t  and 
dwelling  on   n  sound.  * 

„,  .."¥'"°um!'""    '^    ^^'^    '^°'"d     symbol    for    high    or    higher 
ground    a  hill,  a  mountain,  mountain  chain,  etc.     As  spoken  i 
fixes    place    in    a    sentence    and    qualifies    it    by    giving    height 
raising  the   land   above   the   level.     "Tenas"   used   as   a   or?fix 
iTeight.""  '*  "''"'^-'^'^h"  and  "Hyas"  or  "Hiy^"  addt  to  the 

Examples:  "Okeoke  lamount'n,"  "That  mountain  (those 
mountains)."  "Hyas  lamount'n  okeoke."  "A  big  (or  high) 
mountain  that  (is)."  (Usually  used  to  mean  a  snow  covered 
peak,  etc.)  Other  qualifying  words  are  also  used  to  designate 
which  mountain,  what  kind  of  a  mountain,  or  any  other  de- 
scriptive element  that  time,  place  and  their  bearing  on  the 
subject  and  speakers  may  demand  to  make  the  meaning 
clear.  "* 


-V 


?*^; 


I.: 


THB  CHINOOK  BOOK 


57 


TIME  — NEAR    FUTURE  — LATE    PAST. 

LALIE. 

.\  as  in  lay;  i  as  in  hit;  accent  -la-  and  pronounce  La-ly,  the 
last  syllable  being  exactly  the  same  as  ly  in  Enfirlish  lily 
in  fact,  the  word  "lalie"  is  exactly  like  English  "lily  ex- 
cept  that    for   "i"   in   "lily"   substitute   "a"   as   in   "lay"— 

"laly." 

"Lalie"  is  a  time  measure  in  Chinook  that  is  in  a  way 
interchangeable  with  the  shortly  spoken  "Ahncuttie  to  mean 
•litely,"  "time  past  recently,"  etc.  "Lalie,"  however,  does  not 
i  ive  the  same  long-time  value  that  "Ahncuttie"  does  in  usual 
II  ^e  though  it  can  be  "stretched"  to  even  the  same  «tent  that 
"Ahncuttie"  can.  In  ordinary  common  use  Lalie  is  under- 
st,.od  to  be  "not  long"  more  than  anything  else,  in  other 
words,  it  can  be  considered  as  the  short-time  symbol  word 
,111(1  should  be  so  used.  

Examples:  "Wake  lalie  nika  chaco,"  "Not  long  (in  a  lit- 
tle while)  I  (will)  come."  "Elip  lalie  yahka  mitlite  yowah, 
•A  little  while  before  (that)  he  lived  here."  "Konce  lalie  mika 
mitlite  okeoke  iUahee?"  "How  long  has  this  been  your  home? 
(Literally:  "How-long  you  live-this-ground?  )  Meaika  Uat- 
awa  tenas  wake  lalie/'  "They  went  (away)  j.i«t-a-little-while 
ai,'o."     ("They  go  (away)  little  not-long- (ago).  ) 

A  PIPE. 
LAPEEP. 

A  as  in  father;  ee  as  in  sheep;  accent  -peep-  and  pronounce 

Lah-peep. 

This  word  is  French  "La  Pipe"  incorporated  into  Chinook 
and  general  Chinook  usage  has  shortened  it  to  "Peep  so  that 
now   a  pipe   is   nearly   always   spoken  of  as     Peep      (and  not 

Examples:  (Common  use.)  "Nika  tika  chinoos  copo  nika 
peep,"  "I  want  some  tobacco  for  my  pipe." 

AN  OLD  WOMAN. 
LUMMI. 
IJ  as  in  up;  i  as  in  it;  accent  -lum-  and  pronounce  Lum-my. 
This  word  is  used  in  Chinook  mostly  in  the  northern  part 
of  Puget  Sound  and  the  islands  to  the  north  to  mean  old 
woman."  It  is  not  in  general  use  all  over  the  territory  where 
Chinook  is  spoken  and  can  be  classed  as  a  local  Chinook 
word.  "Ole  klootchman"  means  the  same  thing  in  general  use 
where  Chinook  is  spoken. 


f  P 


58 


THB  CHINOOK  BOOK 


•4. 


'■1 


M 


MEDICINE. 

LAMESSIN. 

French  "La  medicine"  incorporated  into  the  Chinook  to 
mean  any  drug,  mixture,  medicine  or  treatment  for  healinsf  or 
curing  sickness  of  any  kind  directly  by  apph'cation.  About  the 
English  understanding  of  "drugs  and  medicines"  and  "treat- 
ment for  sickness'  combined.  It  docs  not,  however,  mean  any 
of  the  magic  or  supernatural  incantations  or  ceremonies  of 
Indian  origin  and  practice,  including  even  those  for  healing 
the  sick.  These  are  all  some  form  of  "Tahmahnawis"  and  are 
never  alluded  to  as  "Medicine."  "Medicine"  (Lamessin)  al- 
ways ni"ans  drugs,  mixtures  or  midicincs  proper  used  directly 
as  our  medicines  are  used.  (See  "Tahmahnawis.)  Use  as 
English   "Medicine"   is   used    in   speaking. 

FOUR. 
LOKUT. 

O  as  in  go;  u  as  in  up;  accent  -lo-  and  pronounce  Loh-kut 
"Lokut"  is  Chinook  for  the  numeral  "four"  and  means 
this  and  nothing  else.  Higher  numbers,  24,  34,  44,  etc..  are 
made  by  combinations  of  "two-times-ten  and  four"  (Mox 
tatlum  pe  lokut).  "Three-times-ten  and  four"  (Klone  tatlum 
pe  lokut).  "Four-times-ten  and  four"  (Lokut  tatlum  pe  lokut, 
and  so  on.  "Lokut"  however,  always  means  "four"  and  no 
more. 

KILLIKINICK. 
(Uva  ursi.) 

L'AHB. 

A  as  in  father;  pronotmce   Larb  with   L  sound  detached  as  in 

French  usage. 

From  the  French  L'herbe.  This  is  the  name  given  by  the 
French  Canadians  to  the  plant  known  as  Uva  Ursi — -bear  berry 
— the  leaves  of  which  are  dried  and  smoked,  mixed  with  tobacco 
or  by  themselves.  The  Blackfoot  Indian  name  for  it  is  "Kahk- 
sin,"  which  means  "Brittle-made"  because  it  breaks  easily  when 
dried.  The  Sioux  Indians  call  it  "Waupachalie  Chashasha"  (Tea 
tobacco).  The  West  Coast  Indians  (Seattle  neighborhood) 
call  it  "Chult'sh"  (exact  translation  unknown).  These  leaves  are 
smoked  universally  by  savage  tribes  clear  around  the  world 
north  of  the  latitude  of  St.  Louis.  The  common  interchange- 
able Indian  name  is  "Killikinick"  or  "Kinnikinick."  The  chopped 
up  inner  (green)  bark  of  the  red  willow,  dried  and  mixed  with 


THB  CHINOOK  BOOK 


59 


1  ,rrn  i<  also  "KilUkinlck"  and  an  Indian  of  the  plains  country 

'  ';  of  tL  RoS  U  apt  to  have  this  to  smoke,  whi  e  the 
'"' unuin  or  West  Coast  indian  is  nearly  sure  to  use  the  leaves 
"r  he  Uva  UVsi  "L'ahb"  in  Chinook  always  means  the  latter 
a  a  ''Killikinick"  mean,  the  mixed  uva  ursi  and  tobacco,  while 
"nhacco  alone  is  "Chinoos"  m  Chmook. 

AN  AXE  OR  HATCHET. 
LAHASH. 

A  as  in  father;   a  as  in   hat;  accent  -la-   and  pronounce   Lah- 

liasch.  .  ,  u»»»i,-» 

French  word  used  in  Chinook  to  mean  either  axe  or  hatchet^ 

,„  common  use  but  mostly  for  "hatchet"  as  Enghsh     axe     is 

Ik  iiiK  used  to  displace  it  in  this  meanmg. 

l-v-tmoles-      "Lolo    nika    lahash."    "Bring    me    (the)    axe. 

•Klosh  spoie  iskuri^^enas  lahsh."  "Good  if  (you)  get    the)  l.ttle- 

,xc.°     (Idea:     "The  hatchet  would  answer  the  purpose  better.  ) 

PITCH  — GLUE. 
LAGOOM. 

coo;  accent  -la-  and  pronounce  Lah- 

"pitch" 


in 


French  word  incorporated  into  Chinook  f^dmeans     pUch 
,   f,r  or  pine  trees,  or  "glue     m  l>9"jiio™;,  .  V"'^   ""^ 


A   as  in  father;   oo  as 
Room. 

•I'itchwood"  i    e.,  slivers  of  pitchy  fir  used  to  start  tire  wiin. 
n.lt.iie  of 'this  use  it  is  scarcely  ever  heard  any  more. 

Example:     "Iskum   lagoom-stick  pe  mamook  ptah  hya*. 
•Get  some  pitchwood  and  make  a  fire  quick. 

A  TRUNK  OR  BOX. 

LACASSET. 

A  as  in  father;  a  as  in  hat;  e  as  in  bet;  accent  -la-  and  pro- 
nounce   Lah-cass-set. 
From    the   French.     In  common  use  to  mean    a    trunk,    a 

t.)   designate  a  box  or  a  trunk.  u^.,— •» 

Fximoles-      "Lolo    okeoke    lacdsset    copo     niika     nouse. 
•Carry Tat'trunk   to   your   house.     "Nika   klootchm|ui  nuthte 
konaway  klosh  ictas  copo  skookum  lac^:.set.     ^My  wife  ^wom 
an)  keeps  all  her  fine  things  in  a   s\        i    Dox. 


THV  CHINOOK  BOOK 


MOUTH. 
LABOOS. 

A   as   in   father;  oo  as   in  coo;  acciMit    la-  and  pronounce  I.ah 
booce. 

The    mouth — a    river    moiith       French    word   incorporated 
into  Chinook   and   almost  obsolete  at  this  time. 

ROPE. 
LOPE. 

English  "Rope"  with  "R"  changed   to    Indian    "L." 

•  j^*f  ^  '"  Chinook  to  mean  a  rope  of  any  kind  or  size.  Any 
kind  of  a  strinsr  or  cord,  thonj?  or  like  article  used  as  string 
or     cord     is     'Tenas     lope"     (little     rope).       Any     rope    is 

lope  and  a  "biflr  rope"  (hawser  or  cable)  is  "Hyas  lope." 
Wire  IS  "chickamun  lope"  (metal  string  or  rope)  and  a  chain 
IS      skookum    chickamun    lope"     (strong    metal    (iron)    rope.) 

Lope  covers  the  whole  idea  of  a  flexible  rope,  cord,  thong, 
chain,  wire,  etc..  used  to  tie  anything  with  or  to  fasten  anything 
with  or  to  put  to  any  use  that  rope,  cord,  etc.,  is  used  for. 

RUM  — ALCOHOLIC  LIQUOR. 
LUM. 
English  "Rum"  with  Indian  "L"  sound. 
..  j°L"^"*^''  "^^^  3"y    "lore.     Nearly  all    liquor  now    being 
called      fire   water"   (Piah   chuck)    or    in    late   years   "Hootch" 
?/.    'f.oo^cninoo     (an  Alaska  word  added   to  Chinook  since  the 
Klondike   days). 

RIVER. 

LIBAH. 

Corrupted    English   "River"  with  English    "R"  changed    to    In- 
dian    L     sound  and   English  "V"  to   Indian  "B." 
Very  little  used  in  Chinook  and  then  really  only  as  "broken 

."n-^''^n-.       Skookum    chuck"   is     more    often   used    to     mean 
River"  in  Chinook. 

ROUND. 

LOHULLOH. 

O   as   in   oat;    u   as   in   hull;    o   as  in  hope;  accent  -hull-  and 

pronounce    Loh-hull-lowh. 

Chinook    word  for    "round-like-a-ball"  but  now    so    nearly 
Obsolete  that  few  Chinook  speakers  ever  use  it  at  aii. 


f-'    T, 


i 


THB  CHINOOK  BOOK  ** 

BOIL  — BOILING. 

LIPLIP. 

Pronounce  as  written.  ^^ 

abuve. 

RICE. 

LICE. 

-rr.Uf«"«r  .0"=?^  ••5ir;.:i'^s"i;.&  ^« 

A   BAG. 

LESACK. 

,A     •  -1  Kr,.nrh  "le  SEC  "    Uscd  in  Chinook  to  mean  "bag," 
.,„.?'Tocir'!'b J;^j;n  .h.  MU.  ,,  ..  .h.  head  o.  . 

Chinook  speakers. 

SHEEP. 
LEMOOTOH. 
E  as  in  eat;  00  as  in  coo;  o  as  in  go;  accent  -moo-  and  pro- 
iiounce  "Lee-moo-ton. 

0,«ta.ny  from   .h.   French.      Used   in   Ch.nooW  .o  m«n 
Sheep"  but  now  almost  obsolete. 

GROUSE. 
LEPOOL. 

i:  as  in  lee;  00  as  in  coo;  accent  -pool-  and  pronounce  Lee- 

^°°        ..      t  *v,«    Frpnrh      Used    in  Chinook  to  mean 

Originally   from   the    French.    .."^«a     "  j^     j^  mean 

,„.„  grous.    (ch.ck.n).  .,j 

■S  X"^^'  •■!  ?-«>.TTn  chickens  for  ».y  wf." 


62  THB  CHINOOK   BOOK 

HAND. 
LAMAH. 

A  as  in  father    (both    syllables);   accent   -mah-  and   pronounce 
Lah-mah. 

From     the    French.      Used     in     Chinook    to   mean   "hand" 
primarily,   but  usage   has  extended    the  meaning   to   include   all 
the-hnger£-c..-the-hand"  and  even  to  include   the  "arm-of-the- 
hand. 

Fxamples:  "Nika  lamah  chaco  cole,"  "My  hands  are 
cold  Konaway  mka  lamah  kahkwa  stick,"  "All  my  fingers 
arejstiff)    like  sticks."     "Yahka  man  lolo  yahka  lamah  copo 

^^f?'    s  ,,     ^    ^''''"    '"'''""*    carries    him    (his)    arm    in    (a)    cloth 
(sling)." 

HEAD. 

LATAIT. 

A  as  in  father;  a  as  in   fate;  accent  -tait-  and  pronounce  Lah- 
tate. 

From  the    French    "La    tete,"  "the  head."     Ciiinook    usage 
retains  the    French   meaning  and   the  word   h   used  as    Enghsh 
head     is  used. 

Exaniples:     "Latait    copo  chuck."     "Head   of    the    river." 
Iskum  chappoh  copo  mika  latait,"  "Get  a  hat  for  your  head  " 
(Put  on  your  iiat.) 

DOOR. 

LAPOTE. 

A    as    in    father;    o   as    in    oat;    accent    -pote-    and    pronounce 
Lah-pote. 

The  French  "La  Porte"  incorporated  into  Chinook  and 
used  to  mean  "door,"  "doorway,"  "opening,"  etc.  Means 
about  the  same  as  English  "door." 

Examples:  "Mamook  klah  okeoke  lapote,"  "Make  clear  that 
door.  Ikpooie    lapote,"    "Shut     the    door."      "Chaco    copo 

lapote,"  "Come  in  by  the  door." 


LUMBER. 
LAPLASH. 

A    as   in    father;    a    as    in    hat;   accent   -plash-   and   pronounce 
Lah-plash. 

The  French  word  "La  planche"  incorporated  into  Chinook 
and   still  used   to  mean   any  timber   sawed   into   boards.      Used 


THE  CHINOOK  BOOK 


63 


in  all  ways  as  English  "lumber,"  "boards,"  "p  ank,  etc,  is 
,"e<l  Using  "Tenas"  as  a  prefix  word  makes  it  small,"  as 
"Tcnas  lapUsh."  "Small  (or  thin)  boards."  "Hyas"  makes  it 
larKC  thus:  "Hyas  laplash,"  "Large  boards"  ..  e.,  "heavy 
umber."  not  squared  into  "sticks"-really  heavy  plankmg. 
S  ngles  are  "little  boards  for  the  top  (of  the  house)."  (Tenas 
lap lalh  cope  sahale  house.)  "Skookum  laplash,"  "Good,  strong 
luMrds."  "Mahsh  laplash,"  "Throw-away  lumber,"  (or  really 
■w.ii^te  lumber,"  slabs,  etc.). 


1()(^T  — FEET 


FOOT     TRACK  — LEG  — PAW  — WALK 
ON    FOOT. 


LEPEE. 

K  :,s   in   let;  ee   as  in   seed;   accent   -pee-   and   pronounce   Leh- 

pec 

This  word  is  a  corruption  of  the  French  "Lepied." 
r-ually  it  is  used  to  mean  "the  foot"  of  a  man  or  an  animal 
or  "the-track-made-by-the-foot"  of  man  or  animal.  It  is, 
however,  used  to  mean  "the  feet"  of  man,  animal  or  a  group 
of  men  or  animals.  By  implied  meaning  (depending  on  words 
ii-^e  'vith  it  and  gesture  to  determine  place)  it  also  is  under- 
M„.  to  mean  "foot-and-leg"  or  even  "leg"  or  "  egs  as  the 
case  m:iy  demand.  Its  common  use,  however,  makes  it  usual- 
ly mean  either  '♦"oot"  or  "track." 

Examples:  "Okeoke  lepee  cope  mowitch,"  "That  is  a 
(leer  track."  "Hiyu  sick  chaco  nika  leepee,"  "Very  sore  cornes 
my  foot."  (My  foot  is  very  sore.)  "Wake  chaco  copo  canun, 
chaco  copo  lepee,"  "Do  not  come  in  (your)  canoe,  come  on  foot 
(walk)." 

CARRY  — FETCH  — BRING  ALONG  — PACK  ON  BACK. 

LOLO. 

()   as   in   low,   both    syllables;  accent    first   -lo-   and    pronounce 

Loh-loh,  giving  a  slight  breath  sound  of  h  at  end  of  each 

syllable.  ^^     . 

"Lolo"  means  to  carry  anything,  to  "take  it  there,"  "bring 

it  here,"  "bring  it  along,"  etc.     It  is  commonly  used  to  cover 

the  act  of  carrying  loads  by  hand  for  short  distances  but  it  is 

licxible    enough    so   that    it    can    be    used    to   mean    the    act-ot- 

i.irrying  anything  anywhere,  cither  by  hand,  pack   horse,   ma- 

ihiiiery  or  other  agency.  ^^ 

Examples:     "Lolo  okeoke  copo  nika,"  "Bring  that  to  me. 

•Lolo  mika  iotas  copo  nika  canim."  "Carry  your  things  to  ray 

canoe  "    "Mesika  lolo  ictas  copo  kuitan,"  "We  (will)  pack  (or 


m 


M 


THB  CHINOOK  BOOK 


carry)  the  things  on  a  horse."  "Lolo  hyas  stick  sahale  copo 
piah  chickchick."  "Raise  the  big  timber  with  the  engine." 
(Literally:  "Carry  big  timber  up  with  the-thing-with-wheels- 
that-runs-by-fire.") 

TO  TRADE  — BUY  OR  SELL  — A  TRADE  OF  ANY 
KIND  — TO  EXCHANGE. 

MAHKOOK. 

A  as  in   father;  oo  as  in   look;   accent   -kook-   and   pronounce 
Mah-kook. 

"Mahkook"  primarily  means  "to  trade"  but  the  word  is 
very  flexible  and  is  made  to  cover  the  whole  idea  of  trading, 
exchanging,  buying,  selling,  bargaining  and  carrying  on  ail 
acts  that  have  to  do  with  trade  matters  or  articles  or  places- 
of-trade.  The  word  covers  about  the  English  idea  of  "mar- 
ket" if  you  add  to  "market"  the  ideas  of  "market  goods," 
"market  place,"  "marketing"  and  everything  else  you  can 
think  of  pertaming  to  or  associated  with  the  "market."  To 
bring  out  the  full  meaning  such  other  prefix  or  following 
words  as  may  be  necessary  are  used  with  "mahkook"  so  that 
the  idea  of  "trade"  is  associated  with  the  other  subject  in 
hand. 

Examples:  "Mika  mahkook  nika  canim?"  "(Will)  you  sell 
your  canoe?"  "Konce  chickamun  spose  nika  mahkook?" 
"How  much  money  (do  you  want)  if  I  buy  it?"  "Wake  mika 
tika  mamook,"  "I  do  not  want  to  sell."  "Kah  yahka  mahkook 
house?"  "Where  is  the  store?"  (Literally:  "Where  is  the 
place-where-they-buy-and-sell-things-house?")  "Nika  mahkook 
kuitan?"  "(Will)  you  trade  horses?" 


■.t  'ij 


WICKED  —  VILE  —  SINFUL  —  DISSOLUTE  —  VICE  — 
ROTTENNESS  —  OBSCENE  —  DEPRAVED  —  VICIOUS. 

MESAHCHE. 

E  as  in  me;   a  as  in  ah;   e  as   in  me;   accent  -sah-   and   pro 
nounce    Mee-sah-t'chee,    with    slight,    cut-oflF    sound    of    t 
before  c  in  last  syllable,  as  indicated. 

"Mesahche"  is  used  in  Chinook  to  indicate  anything  worse 
than  'Cultas"  (bad).  It  conveys  the  idea  of  dirty  vile-ness, 
vice,  rottenness,  etc.  It  is  probably  more  often  used  to  de 
scribe  things  as  being  obscene,  depraved,  etc.,  than  in  any 
other  sense,  though  it  covers  the  whole  catalogue  of  things  or 
conditions  that  are  "worse  than  the  worst,"  "rotten  to  the 
core,"  and  all  like  ideas  where  the  term  "bad"  does  not  reach 
far  enough.     It  also  means  dangerous  or   "danger-from"   vile 


4 


m 


THE   CHINOOK  BOOK 


(5 


things.  The  ^ords  used  before  or  after  it  qualify  its  mean- 
in?  or  it  is  used  to  couple  the  vile  meaning  with  the  ordinary 
mcnninp  of  any  other  word. 

Examples:  "Delate  mesahche  man,  ''A  very  wicked  man. 
(Wickedness  understood  to  mean  "the  limit  of  human  de- 
i.ravity"  from  all  angles.)  "Mesahche  klootchman,"  "A  har- 
lot"  "Piah  chuck,  yahka  delate  mesahche,  mamook  mika 
pelton."  "Firewater  (that  is)  very  dangerous,  it  makes  you 
cr\7.v"  "Wake  mika  tika— delate  mesahche."  "Not  you  want; 
v.rv  rotten  Cvile.  wicked,  etc.)  (that  is)."  (Idea:  Keep  away! 
Do" not  touch  that!     It  is  rotten,  harmful,  dangerous.) 

T  IVE  —  DWELL  —  STAY  —  HOME  —  PLACE- WHERE- 

YOU-LIVE. 
MITLITE. 
T  as  in  it;  i   as  in  light;   accent  -mit-  and   pronounce  Mitt- 
light. 

Primarily  "Mitlite"  means  "live"  but  is  used  to  cover 
"liome."  "stay,"  "dwell"  "stop  at,"  "stationary,"  "fixed,"  "fas- 
tened to,"  etc.  It  is  the  symbol  of  the  idea  of  "permanency* 
a-^  iinde-stood  in  English.  It  means  "home"  in  the  sense  of 
1  fixed  place  of  abode.  It  is  also  used  to  indicate  stop  or 
"<^^topping  place"  in  the  sense  that  to  stop  is  to  stay  or  not 
to  move  away  further.  To  "mitlite"  is  to  stay  or  stop,  to  re- 
main fixed,  not  move,  stationary,  etc. 

Examples:  "Yowah  kah  nika  mitlite."  "There  is  where  I 
live  (my  home)."  "Yahka  mowitch  mitlite  cope  stick,"  He 
ftlne)  deer  lives  in  the  timber."  "Mesika  mitlite  yowah  rnox 
sun,"  "We  stayed  there  two  days."  "Mitlite!"  "Stop  "  "Trahka 
clam  mitlite  copo  poUalie  illahee  copo  «altchuck.  He  (the) 
.lam.  lives  in  the  sand  in  the  salt  water. '  "Klosh  spose  mit- 
lite  yowah,"  "Good  (it  will  be)  if  (we)  stop  here.  Stah 
copo  sahale  copo  yahka  lemount'n  yowah  ict  man  mitlite  copo 
stone,"  "Far-away-up  in  him  (the)  mountain,  there  one  man 
lives  in  stones."  (Idea:  "There  is  the  face  of  a  man  on  the 
rocks  away  up  in  the  mountains.") 

FOOD  — ANYTHING  EATABLE  —  TO  EAT. 

MUCKAMUCK. 

n  as  in  up;  a  as  in  fate;  u  as  in  up;  accent  first  syllable  and 

pronounce  Muck-a-muck. 

"Muckamuck"  covers  the  whole  idea  of  "eat,"  "to  eat," 
"food."  "eating,"  "eatables,"  or  any  and  everything  connected 
uith  food  or  eating  except  "hungry"  which  has  its  own  word, 
•'do." 

Examples:    "Nika  tika  muckamuck,"  "I  want  (somethmg 


M 


THE   CfHINOOK   BOOK 


3  '  i. 


to)  eat."  "Klosh  muckamuck  okeoke,"  "Good  eating  that  'is) " 
"Halo  muckamuck  mika,"  "Do  not  (that)  eat  (you)."  "Yahka 
kowmux  muckamuck  konaway  mowitch,"  "He  (that)  dog,  ate 
all  (the)  deer  (meat)."  "Okeoke  pish  delate  klor  mucka- 
muck," "That  fish  (is")  very  good  (to)  eat."  "Kot  /ay  tila- 
cums!  Chaco  cope  nika  house  pe  delate,  heeheel  Hisru  tanze, 
hiyu  t'sing,  hiyu  muckamuck  ictas,  pe  muckamuck  chuck— delate 
klosh  heeheel  Chaco  konaway!"  "All  friends!  Come  to  my 
house  and  liave  a  good  time!  Plenty  dance,  plenty  sing, 
plenty  to  eat  and  drink!  Very  good  fun  (we  will  have)!  Come 
all." 

YOU  — YOUR. 
MIKA. 

I  as  in  ice;  a  as  in  father;  accent-mi-  and  pronounce  Mye-kah. 
"Mika"  is  singular  and  "Mesika"  is  plural  for  "you"  or 
"yours,"  yet  both  words  are  used  for  "your"  and  for  "yours" 
while  "Mika"  alone  is  used  to  mean  "you,"  "you  alone."  (See 
"Mesika.") 

""Mvta."  is   used   mostly  always   to   mean   "you"  or  "your" 
and  only  occasionally  to  mean  "yours." 

Examples:  "Mika  chaco  copo  nika  house,"  "You  come  tn 
my  house."  "Okeoke  mika  kuitan— nah?"  "That  (is)  your  horse 
—no?"  "Nika  wawa  konaway  yahka  canim  mitlite  copo  mika 
pe  yahka  wawa  halo— spose  mika?"  "I  said  all  him  (these) 
canoes  belong  (to)  you— and  he  says  no— are  they  yours?" 
Klosh  kahkwa  mika  wawa."  "(It  is)  good  like  you  say."  "Mika 
nanage  nika  kuitan  copo  mika?"  "Did  you  see  my  horses  with 


YOURS. 


.  It- 


MESIKA. 

E  as  in   me:   i  as  in   ice:   a   as  In   father;   accent  -si-   and   pro 
nouncc   Mee-sye-kah. 

»      "Mesika"    is    the    Chinook    for    "your,"    "yours,"    plural    of 
you     (you   two).      It   is  usually  used    to  denote  ownership  in 
thmgs,  goods,  chattels,  etc.     In  another  sense  it  means  a  col- 
lective  group   of   people,   or   crowd,   associated   with    "you." 

Examples:  "Okeoke  mesika  ictas?"  "(Are)  those  things 
yours?"  "Kah  mesika  klatawa?"  "Where  (are)  you  (both  of 
yo")  KO'ng  (together)?"  "Konaway  tilacum  mesika,  nah?" 
(Are)  all  these  people  yours?"  (The  meaning  here  would  be 
more.  Are  all  these  your  people,"— "Are  they  relatives,"— "Do 
they  belong  to  your  family," — or,  "do  they  belong  to  the  same 
clan,  clique,  order  or  fraternity  that  you  belong  to?")  It 
comes  as  ne.nr  as  possible  to  being  serond  person  plural,  yet 
sometimes  it  is  "stretched"  to  mean  something  more  than 
this  just  as  nearly  every  Chinook  word  sometimes  is. 


a 


THE  CHINOOK  BOOK 


«7 


DEAD. 
MEMALOOSE. 

1  IS  in  men;  a  as  in  father;  oo  as  in  coo;  accent  -mem-  and 
pronounce  Mem-a-loo-ss,  ending  with  a  shght,  short,  hiss- 
ing  sound. 

This  word  taken  alone  means  "dead."  but  is  used  with 
ronihinations  of  other  words  to  mean  "destroyed.  wiped 
out."  "done  away  with."  "to  rot."  "decay."  "die,"  etc.  In 
short,  it  covers  the  whole  idea  of  death  and  destruction  of  a 
final,  finished,  ended  character.  In  use  the  word  chaco 
(come)  is  nearly  always  used  with  it  as  a  prefix— that  is,  a 
tiling  is  not  just  "dead"  but  "comes  dead  and  when  he  dies 
lu  also  "comes  dead."  When  the  word  "memaloose  js  used 
uith"mamook"  as  a  prefix,  it  means  "make  or  made  dead— 
tliat  is,  killed,  destroyed,  etc. 

Examples-  "Nika  ow  chaco  memaloose,"  "My  brother 
comes  dead,"  (literally,  "dies").  "Yahka  man  rnanriook  mema- 
loose nika  ow,"  "He  (that)  man  made  dead  .(killed)  my 
brother."  "Ahncuttie  man  konaway  memaloose.  Old-time 
IKople  all  (are)  dead." 


DO  — TO   DO  — WILL   DO  — HAVE   DONE. 
MAMOOK. 

.\   as   in    man,   oo    as   in    coo;    accent    -mam-   and    pronounce 

Mam-mook. 

This    is   the   one    great    ACTION    word    of    Chinook       In 
f.'ct    any  act,  anything  you  do.  except  go  or  come,  i.    always 
"mamook"    in    Chinook.      It    signifies    motion    or   actio...    past 
action  or  future  action  or  anything  involving  action     Any  work. 
■  Iced,    exercise,     motion,     operation,    service,     performance     or 
other    thing   having   motion    or   action    as    a   part    of   or    con- 
nected  in   any  way   with  it   is   always   identified   by   the    word 
"mamook"  used  in   such  a  way  that   the   action  in  connection 
with  the  thing,  place,  time,  subject  or  object  is  Nearly  brought 
out      All   questions   concerning   all   actions   use     mamook     to 
i.lentify   the   action   and   all  answers,   statements  or  .assertions 
concerning  or  dealing  with  any  action   always  use     mamook 
to  identify  the  motion  or  act  of  action,  and  this  idea  is  never 
clmnged  or  deviated  from.     If  you  row  a  boat,  shoot  a  deer, 
vnn  a  race,  pay  a  debt,  look  at  things,  sing,  mourn,  ride,  eat, 
^leep.    swim     travel,   or   do   any   other   thmg    requiring   motion 
r  action,  you  must,  in  telling  of  or  talking  about  or  ordering 
u  done,  always  use  the  word  "mamook"  in  the  sentence.     Just 
liow  and  where  you  use  it  depends  on  the  sentence  and  the 


M 


THB  CHINOOK   BOOK 


time  and  object,  but  it  should  be  used  to  take  the  olace  nf 

o?'^half''"'i°'""^"'*''  "^?."lf"  "T°«'<»'"  or  "Ihouldr'",-!^^ 
or     snail,       am,       am    not.       mav "    "ran"   "t^...*"    «       .M.. 

"would."  "should."  "will"  or  "sh"lI^ot  d"6"  this 'that  T  tliC 

nln'/   *^'"/^"^^  °''  I'.  ^^'"^   ^"t""-*   time,  or  when  you  hl5e 

"™««i,»'^   ^l  ^"ythmjf   in    the   past.     I.   you   o?  they  alio 

mamook"  as  above  whenever  thev  nO    will  /»«  «,    "ley  aiso 

anything  where   motion   has  anyth?n??o  do^^^  t      W  r? 
member   it   means    MOTION   or   ACTTOM   Z  ZJl'  J  j     "j 

SoliiL'V'^  "'f^.u'^'''^  ^°°^"""  *^«  -i>°le  id  aTaSSn  ^ 
motion    (except    the    two    actions—    "go"   and    "come"— wh^h 

each  are  covered  by  their  own  words,  '•kla?awa"anT«d2^co''^ 
nfatVnVv  "?«'"?°H"  to  signify  the  actioJand  you  hJJe  its 
place  m  Chinook.  It  is  even  very  frequently  used  as  a  nrpfiv 
for  "chaco"  (come)  and  for  "klatawa"  (go)  in  wh?ch  cLe  i^ 
compels  action  for  it  means  "make  come"  or  "m^ke  eo  "  So 
nooT     "  ""^   ''  ''''  °"'  *"**  °"^y  ACTION  woJd'^in   Cht 

Examples:      "Nika  mamook,"   "I    work"      "OkeoW   man 
mamook  memaloose  ict  mowitch,"  "ThaT  rian  killed  oSede"" 

SamLk  w5tawa»°''TS  '"*  ^°°^-"  "°*^''°'^«  »"«hee  halo 
move)  "  "hSo  m»»,Iiu»  ^x?""''  "•^''"  '"^^^  (o"-  ^'''1  "ot 
f"lL  n,  •  ™'*™ooV  "No  movement— it  does  not  move" 
— (  not  moving— not  working— will  not  work"  etc  ^  "Vln.l, 
mamook  okeoke,"  "Good  work  that."  "Al^  m'amook.''  "(W?ll) 
work  (move  or  do)  by  and  bye."  «""uub,      ^.wim; 

"ma™i«t»*^*"^  combination  of  words  can  be  used  so  that 
mamook'  denotes  the  action  and  the  idea  will  be  correct  as 
peakinrjItTe"^'  .^".""^"'^^.though  the  beginner  may  in 
letfhl^u^J  ^  ^°,''J^  ."mamook"  placed  wrong  in  a  sentence, 
no  ma'ter  how'^^'''  '""'J^^'^^  recognize  the  idea  of  motion 
no  matter  how  the  word  was  placed  and  would  be  able  to 
properly  associate  the  motion  idea  with  tlTe  subject  in  his 
own  mind  and  thus  understand  what  was  meant.      ^ 

THROW  AWAY  — GET  RID  OF. 

MAHSH. 

^  'mo"re^'lJTf';r""'^  last  syllable  with  slurred,  hissing  sound 
more  as  if    t  were  -sch-;  this  sound  is  almost  the  sli«?htlv 

SIbi?s"':et   fit.^-"'r^^.'.r^".*'^  "^^^   ^y   mo?he*rs   tofuS 
mah    nnH  ^  slightly  shorter  sound  than  that;  accent 

-man-  and  pronounce  Mah-sch-h. 

you  lordbiJ "  ^Tf^hT^^'  "HV'°\^^¥" '''  "p"t  't  ^^^y  fro'" 

ri^   J*"   "  ^'       "   "?^   ^'so    the   broader   meaning   of  "to   set 
"d  of.      'go  away  from."   "destroy."   "part   with!"   "to  intS- 


^ii 

'-k. 


THB  CHINOOK  BOOK  ^ 

tionally  lose."  or  any  like  idea  when  used  with  other  words 
a.Hl  tlie  use  of  the  word  "mamook"  as  a  prefix  enforces  thJ 
uka  or  makes  a  command  as  (example)  "Mamook  mahsh 
okeoke."  L.terally:  "(You)  make  throw-that™ay/'  ^S 
translates  into  English  as  "Throw  it  away!"  "Get  rid  of  itl" 
1  rop  It!  or  any  similar  idea  depending  on  the  situation 
"Nika  mahsh  okeoke."  "I  threw  it  away-I  got  rid  of  it-i 
will  throw  It  away  or  get  rid  of  it."  "Nik^  mahsh  okeoke 
"Twa;-  It  U  I  fl  '^K,"  Cntentionally)"  or  "I  sent  that  man 
away.  It  is  a  flexible  word  capable  of  covering  the  whole 
Id.  a  of  "to  put  away  from  you"  or  "get  away  from  me."  but 
Its  usual  use  is  to  cover  "throw  away,"  "get  rid  of,"  etc. 

OFF  SHORE. 
MAHTLINNIE. 

A  as  in  father;  i  as  in  fin  (both  syllables);  accent  -maht-  and 
pronounce   Maht-Iin-ny. 

Means  "Away-from-the-land,"  "seaward,"  "off  shore."  etc 
-Not  much  used  except  along  the  sea  coast  and  then  mostly  to 
designate  place  thus:  "Kah  mika  mamook  pish?"  "Where  will 
yot:  fish.P"  "Mahtlinnie."  "Off  shore"  (oS  in  d^p  wa?e" 
away  from  land).  It  is  the  opposite  of  "Mahtwillic,"  ("in- 
shore )  and  is  so  used. 

INSHORE. 

MAHTWILLIE. 

A   as   in   father;   i   as   in   willie;   accent 
Maht-will-ly. 

Means  "In-toward-the-land,"  "alongshore."  "near  the 
c-.ast  etc.  Used  mostly  along  the  coast  to  designate  posi- 
TJi!!n-  .^  mjka  mamook  pish?"  "Where  will  you  tfsh?" 
Mahtmilhe,"  "Inshore"  (near  the  land  in  shallow  water). 
Opposite  of  the  word.  "Mahtlinnie,"  ("oflF  shore")  and  is  so 
used. 

MARRY. 
MAHLEH. 

^  ^Mah  i^^l!"'   '  *®  '"   '^'"'^'   ^"«"t  -™ah-  and  pronounce 

Corruption  of  English  "Marry."    Pronounce  it  "Mahley-h" 

with   a   slight   h   breath    sound   at   end.   really    Indian-EngUsh 

inarry.       Means    the    same    as    English    "marry,"    "married," 

•;ill   marry,      "may   marry."    "did    marry"    or    any   like    idek. 

a-   Whole  Idea  of  matrimony  is  covered  by  the  word,  using 

I'i.hx  or  follow-up  words  to  bring  out  the  exact  meaning. 


I  ;    J 
;    9 


-mah-  and  pronounce 


70 


THB   CHINOOK   BOOtt 


•I 

'I 


Examples:  "Wake  lalie  nika  chaco  mahleh,"  "Not  long  1 
come  married"  (will  marry  before  long)."  "Spoie  mesika  chaco 
mahleh,"  "Suppose  we  come  (become)  married."  "Yahka  nika 
mahleh  ow,"  "He  (that  man)  is  my  married  brother."  "Nika 
tika  mika  tenas  klootchman  chaco  mahleh,"  "I  want  your  daugh- 
ter (to)  (be)c<)mc  married."  (I  want  to  marry  your  daughter.) 
"Konce  lalie  mika  chaco  mahleh?"  "How  long  have  you  come 
(been)  married?" 

MOTHER. 
MAMA. 

The  Englisli  word  used  as  Chinook  and  means  "Mother" 
the  same  as   English — used  the  same  way. 

DOWN   STREAM. 

MIMIE. 

1    as    in    him    (both    syllables);    accent    -min-    and    pronounce 
Mim-my. 

Means  down  stream  or  "to  travel  downstream."  So  little 
used  as  to  be  practically  obsolete. 

ST.ANDING  UPRIGHT. 

MITWHIT. 

I    as    in    sit    (botli    syllables);    accent    -mit-    and    pronounce 
Mit-whit. 

Means  "standing-straight-up"  but  is  so  little  used  as  to 
be   practically   obsolete. 

Example:     "Mitwhit  stick,"  "Standing  timber." 

TWO. 

MOX. 

O  as  in  ox;  pronounce  Mocks. 

"Mox"  is  Chinook  for  "two,"  the  numeral.  It  never 
means  anythmg  else  and  is  used  just  as  English  "two"  is  used 
to  count,  or  denotes  numbers. 

Examples:  "Mox  man  chaco  yowah,"  "Two  men  (are) 
commg  there.  "Lolo  mox  lacasset  lapome."  "Bring  two  boxes 
(of)  apples." 

MILL. 

MOOLAH. 

Go  as   in   coo;   a   as   in    father;   accent   -moo-   and   pronounce 
Moo-lah. 

From  the  French,  meaning  "mill,"  any  kind  of  a  mill.  So 
little  used  now  as  to  be  practically  obsolete. 


THB  CHINOOK  BOOK 


71 


MOON. 


MOON. 

Same  as  English,  used  same  way,  means  the  same 
ins  "one  month"  and   is  used   in   this   sense  as  a  n 


Also 
measure 


means 
uf  time. 

Examples:  "Klone  moon  mesika  klaUwa,"  "Three  months 
we  traveled."  "Konce  chaco  chee  moon?"  "When  comes  (the) 
new  moon?"  "Klosh  moon,"  "Full  (or  good)  moon."  "Ole 
moon,"  "Last  quarter  of  the  moon  (old  moon)."  "Sitkum 
moon,"  "Half  moon." 

ELK  — CATTLE. 

MOOSMOOS. 

Oo  as  in  coo;  accent  first  "moos"  and  pronounce  as  though 
spelled  Mooz-mooz. 

Means  "cattle"  or  "elk,"  depending  on  how  it  is  used. 
Sometimes  "Lemolo  ("wild")  is  used  as  a  prefix  (Lemolo 
moos-moos)  to  mean  "Elk"  to  distinguish  from  cattle  where 
no  gesture  can  fix  the  difference  in  meaning. 

Examples:  "Klatawa  pe  iskum  moosmoos,  nika  tika 
moosmoos  chuck,"  "Go  and  get  the  cows,  I  want  (to)  milk." 
"Konce  chickamun  nika  tika  copo  okeoke  moosmoos?"  "How 
much  money  do  you  want  for  that  cow?"  "Siah  sahale  copo 
lamount'n  nika  mamook-poo  mox  moosmoos  pe  lolo  yowah 
konaway  itlwillie,"  "Far  up  in  (the)  mountains,  I  shot  two  elk 
and  carried  (brought)  here  all  the  flesh." 


li 


SLEEP. 
MOOSUM. 

Oo  as  in  coo;  u  as  in  up;  accent-moo-  and  pronounce  Moo- 
sum. 
Means    "sleep,"    "to    sleep,"    "sleeping,"   etc.      Covers    the 

whole  idea  of  "slumber"  as  understood  in  English. 

Example:  "Kah  nika  moosum?"  "Where  (shall)  I  sleep?" 
"Delate  cole,  halo  nika  moosum,"  "Very  cold  (it  is)  no  I 
sleep."  "Nika  delate  olo-moosum,"  "I  am  very  sleepy."  (Liter- 
ally, "hungry-for-sleep"  or  "sleep-hungry.")  "Moosum  kahkwa 
whimstick,"  "Sleep  like-a-log   (on-the-ground)." 


73 


THB  CHINOOK  BOOK 


i 

I 


DEER. 
MOWITCH. 

Ow  together  as  in  how;  i  as  in  hitch;  accent  -mow-  and  p.o- 
nounce  Mow-witscli.  *^ 

Means  primarily  "Deer-  and  is  mostly  used  in  this  son... 

Occasionally,   however,   it   is   used   to   mean   "deer-like"   in    th: 

Mowitch     for   want   of   a   better  name   simply   because   it   ri. 

We  killed  a  lot  of  deer,  now  we  will  have  a  feaSt") 

MAN  — MALE  ANIMAL  — MALE  SEX. 

_  ^     ..  MAN. 

bame  as  English. 

u  i"^"^!i  '*  ""^  '"  Chinook  to  fix  male  sex  in  anvthinir 
It  is  used  to  mean  "man"  as  it  is  in  English  and  a1!o  ..  *«: 
prehx  word  to  hx  male  sex  in  any  object  uS  di-scutli^n."  ' 

HELLO -LOOK  HEREI  — HEYI  — HOHI 

NAHI 

A  as  in  father;  h  sound  held  more  or  less;  accent  -ah-  and 
pronounce  as  exclamation,  NAHI  »*.«ni    an    ana 

tract'^S^ntinn  ^t'^°' n  ''l^^^'   ""'^   "   »"   exclamation   to  at- 

"Say!'"bvrihe°re"  "Ynnr^  ^°"  ^".'^  ^*y.  '"  English. 

';S.i    frgn5f"rNah.  l^",l'   oT "N^a^  L^u^^ft 'M?  ^llfJ 
requently   used   as    an    interrogation    seeking   confirmation    of 

something  already  said  just  as  many  West  CoasrpS?  say 
You  are  not  going-no?"  ("Halo  mika  klatawa-nS?»)  o^ 
You  will  come-no?"    ("Mika  chaco-nah?^  '?Iah?"  in  Chi 

nook  IS  used  just  the  same  way  and  thus  sometimeV^a  negative 

3se"''in"-the°Ib'""''^  ""*'°"  '"""^  "N°'"  l>ur"Ha?o"  "?evS 
usea  in  the  above  sense,  as  an  interrogation. 


THE   CHINOOK  BOOK 


73 


LOOK  — SEE  — LOOK      HERE  — LOOK      THERE  — BE- 
HOLD —  OBSERVE  —  LOOK  FOR  —  SIGHT  —  VISION. 

NANAGE. 

A  as  in  Anne;  a  as  in  age;  e  sound    so  slight  as  to  be  nearly 
silent;  accent  -nan-  and  prunounce   Nan-age. 

"Nanage"  in  Cliinook  covers  the  whole  idea  of  "look,"  "to 
look,"  "will  look,"  "did  look,"  "see,"  "saw,"  "will  see. '  "can 
.-.ce,"  "may  see,"  "n'ust  see,"  etc.  The  words  used  with  it, 
coupled  with  the  sii  Uion,  surroundings,  subject,  speaker  and 
licarer  all  go  together  to  tix  the  exact  meaning.  It  is  usually 
used  to  cover  "sight"  and  all  things  connected-with-sight  or 
vision  except  "eyes"  (seeowist)  and  should  be  used  accord- 
ingly. 

Examples:  "Klosh  nanagei"  "Look  out!  (Watch  close)  1" 
Kah  mika  anage?"  "Where  (did)  you  see  (it)?"  "Halo 
nanage,"  "(I  have)  no  seen.  "Wake  laUe  nika  nanage,"  "1 
.-.aw  (it,  him,  etc.)  not  long  ago."  "Nanage  yowahr*  "Look 
thcrel"  "Klosh  nanage  konce  mika  klatawa,"  "Look  out  when 
you  go  along,"  ("Keep  close  watch-out  as  you  travel.") 
"Kloih  nika  nanage,"  "Good  I  (will)  look  (out  for  it)." 

NAME. 
NEBL 
K  as  in  them;  pronounce  as  written. 

Corruption  of  English  "name"  and  used  as  English  "name" 
IS   used. 

Examples:  "Icta  mika  nem?"  "What  is  your  name?" 
"Yahka  man  nem  Charlie,"  "He  (that  man)  name  (whose  name 
is)  Charlie."  "Icta  nem  nilva  wawa?"  "What  name  (shall  I) 
say?" 

I  — ME  — MY  — MINE. 
NIKA. 

I  as  in  ice;  a  as  in  father;  accent  -ni-  and  pronounce  Nye-kah. 
"Nika"  is  the  personal  pronoun  "I  or  "me,"  "mine,"  or 
my."  It  also  means  "belongs-to-me,"  "tliat-is-mine,"  "that- 
H-my,"  etc.,  depending  on  the  words  used  with  it.  All  such 
meanings  are  always  liy  inference  rather  than  rom  word 
combinations  direct  and  this  peculiarity  run  all  t.irough^  Chi- 
nook. It  is  more  noticeable  in  words  like  "nika,"  "mika,"  etc., 
tlian  anywhere  else  though  unspoken  meaning  clearly  defined 
by   word  combination  plus   surroundings   is  present  in  almost 


Si         : 


74 


THB   CHINOOK   BOOK 


every    Cliiiioiik  sentence   and   in   those   using   the   pronouns  es- 
pecially. 

i:xanii.U.s:  "Nika  nanage."  "I  see."  "Nika  kowmux," 
"My  doj,'."  "Lolo  copo  nika,"  "Hriiig  (it)  to  nic."  "Okeoke 
mitlite  copo  nika,"  "  lliat  is  mine."  (It  stays  with  me.) 
"Konaway  okeoke  ictas  chaco  copo  nika,"  "All  those  things 
1.U11K  i<i  iiu,"  (arr  my  lnloii>,'iiigs;.  "Okeoke  nika,"  "That  (i%) 
iiiiiic."     "Okeoke  nika  kuitan, Ihat  is  my  horse." 

WE— US  — OURS. 

NESIKA. 

E  as  in  mc;   i  as  in    i*L';   a   as   in   father;   accent  -si-   and   pro- 
nounce  Nee-syc-kali. 

"Nesika"  is  the  plural  of  "Nika"  and  means. "we,"  "us," 
"our,"  "ours,"  "that-is-ours,"  "that  belongs-to-us,"  "we-are- 
part-of,"  etc.  Its  exact  meaning  depends  (like  many  Chinook 
words)  on  surroundings,  sui)jcct,  speaker,  etc.,  but  it  is  al- 
ways clear.  Sometimes  the  unspoken  words,  by  inference, 
bring  the  idea  out  clearly. 

Examples:  "Nesika  klatawa,"  "We  go."  "Okeoke  nesika 
canim,"  "That  (is)  our  canoe."  "Chaco  copo  nesika,"  "Come 
with  us."  "Konaway  yahka  kuitan  mitlite  nesika,"  "All  him  (the 
liur>cs)  he  belongs-to  us  (all  of  these  horses  are  ours)."  "Netika 
whale  totein,"  "We  are  of  (or  belong  to)  tiie  totem  of  the 
whale.  '  (Literally:  "We  are  members  of  the  clan  having  the 
whale  for  its  totem — tiierefore,  all  blood  relatives  tu  everyone 
il>c  who  belongs  to  the  same  totem,  which  is  the  family  crest 
of  tiiis  one  family  of  blood  relatives.") 

NOTE. — The  above  is  an  instance  of  unspoken  meaning 
for  "Nesika  whale  totem"  as  a  spoken  sentence  carries  to  the 
informed,  all  the  above  information  by  inference  hinging  on 
the  fact  spoken  of,  namely,  "We  (belong  to  the)  whale  totem" 
or  (idea)  "We  are  whale  people,"  and  all  "whale  people"  have 
the  same  totem  (the  whale)  which  is  the  visible  sign  of  blood 
relationship — thus  members  of  the  whale  totem  never  marry 
other  members  of  the  same  totem  but  always  mate  with  mem- 
bers of  some  other  totem  clan — or  blood-family. 

YES. 

NOWITKA. 

Nasal  n;  ow  together;  i  as  in  it;  a  as  in  father;  accent  -wit-  and 

pronounce  Xinv-vvitt  kah. 

The  word  used  to  denote  agreement -witii  ur  conlirmation-of 
and  to  affirm;  the  common  "Yes"  as  used  in  English  has  the 
s.iiin-  nii-'aning  and  uses. 

Like   all    Chinook   words    "Nowitka"    expresses   many   dif- 


L 


THB  CHINOOK  BOOK 


75 


■;,.',l'"  rye'""  '"hI  noSuK'To"^' .u„d.;;,acd,.-  "Turn- 
criMt-Utai  yes;.       "-  .  ^1^       „  • 

llnnook'word,    and    these    'F""™;'    "!','j ''.tnbave  depend. 
.,ood.    Just  how  m»7"fi;;"\'„JXreot  Chinook  eoupled 

;?h.s°ois.."°;''r.;"veir.T;  .;t"»rd'.°«m".H"  eo'nv.,' ..., 

different  meanings. 

BERRIES. 

OLLALIE. 

O  as  in  oat;  a  as  in  hat;  -lie-  same  sound  as  -ly-  .n  lily;  accent 
-O-  and  pronounce  Oh-lall-iy. 
"OlUlie"  means  any  small  ^erms  or  berr^hke  fru 

used  more  to  mean  ^n^^''-^'^'-';"  .^^^^^^^f .^J^JS^  1^^^^^^  "Sii- 
the  English  name  .s  used  ^f^/^J^^fj^iSt  off  and  a  Chinook  pre- 
mon-oUalies."  etc.  Very  often  it  "S/l"  °yXs;'  "Huckleber- 
f,x   descriptive   word   used  .^^us        Shot  oiuues.  ^^^     .. 

,ies."       ("Shot-bemes    or    hke-shot    be^^ 
•Cranberries.      (  Ked  perries.  -I.^  {?.,    ,,jji^,"    "Sal  al-berries.' 

of-berries."      (Berry    J"'«>  ..    J,^.^^^^^^ 
"Ollaliei"  always  means  the    berries    tnemsoc 

words  qualify  this  to  give  exact  meaning. 

THAT  — THIS. 
OKEOKE. 

determined  by  »«"»«/°'"!S«     it  as  "o^ei^Shere"  or  "here" 
LVarras't'heTie",n'.",'d^'nS  Mis  f.  .neans  either  ■■.ha." 

-  ■•^cSkl^.V-'-Tha.  th,„,.  ;ThU  0.„.;  ,TH»^U.-  tSt 
most  frequently  used  ?'''''^"' 4V™r e„t  sueakers  are  very  num- 


ni 


4 

■9 


-■    I 


I  mM 


76 


THE   CHINOOK   BOOK 


"mamook"  that  can  be  used  in  so  many  ways  as  "okeok."  ^«„ 

"T,ntf;cw      .*.    ..T^\''°'^  (goods  are)  those?"  "Okeoke  kull " 

to^  '^^p''^'w:i:^^i^?}^^?^  ^'^^^ 

"Cultas  okeoke." '"^ha°  TbaT"'  (BaVthltO         "°'  "'"*  '^'*-" 


OLD. 
OLEMAN. 

It   covers   the    whole   idea    of   "useless"   "worn    n»t"   -♦-. 

Examples:    "Yahka  man  hivu  oilman"  "u-  /^u  ^  ^  . 

very    old."      "Hiyu     oleman     canim "    ^a       "*^  ^*^^i  "*">  " 

"Mahsh   okeoke   laTasset^Site   ollS"   "Th^""^    °'^   "\'*'" 


ROAD  -  TRAI L  —  PATH  —  STREET. 
OIEHUT. 

"Oiehut"  in   Chinook  usually  means   "trail"  nr  ",.afi,  "  u.  » 

■iron  road"     cuikaJ[^„iilx"'"   :"''""<',•    "'■i'l'  becomn 
..lea  o,  any  o'pt'S^"'„"„2t';'>v.Kcl'e''l,"C  StZC"'"  "" 


THB  CHINOOK  BOOK 


77 


HUNGRY. 
OLO. 

O  ;is  in  okl   (both);  pronounce  as  written,  with  accent  on  first 
"o"  and  last  syllable  softly  spoken,  Oh-low. 

"Olo"  means  "hunpry."  It  is  used  in  the  same  sense  as 
"Imnpry"  in  English  and  when  used  with  "chuck"  a";  a  follow- 
iiip  word  transforms  "hunger"  into  "thirst"  or  really  "water- 
hnnger."  '  *" 

Examples:  "Nika  delate  olo,"  "I  am  very  hungry."  "Nika 
delate  olo-chuck,"  "I  am  very  thirsty."  "Nika  olo,  klosh  spose 
muckamuck,"  "I  am  hungry,  good-if  we  eat."  "Delate  nika 
mamook — olo  nika  kahkwa  lemolo  kowmux,"  "Very  much  I  have 
worked — hungry  I  am  like  a  wild-dog."  (Idea:  "I  have  worked 
^r>  hard  I'm  hungry  as  a  wolf.") 


REAR  —  END  —  STERN  —  TAIL. 

OPOOTS. 

O    as    in    oat:    oo    as    in    coo;    accent    -poots-    and    pronounce 
Oh-poo-ts-s,  with  hissing  s  sound  at  end,  slightly  held. 
"Opoots"  means  "rear,"  "stern,"  "tail,"  "posterior,'  'etc. 
Examples:     "Nika  kuitan  iskum  siah  opoots,"  "(He)   that 

hnrse    gets    (has)    a    long    tail."      "Humm-opoots."    "Skunk." 

a.iterally:     "Stinking   tail.")     "Mamook   copo   canim   opoots," 

"Put  (it)  in  the  rear  end  (stern)  of  the  canoe." 


BROTHER. 

OW. 

Pronounce  as  written  (same  as  "how"  without  the  "h"). 

"Ow"  means  "brother"  bu»  is  usually  used  to  mean  a 
younger,  brother  though  not  always.  The  word  is  not  common 
any  more.  "Brother'  is  now  usually  expressed  by  saying  "His- 
mother-is-my-mother"  or  some  like  word  combination  showing 
the  relationship  and  "Ow"  is  hardly  ever  heard,  though  it  is 
uood  Chinook  and  should  be  retained  in  its  full  meaning  of 
brother." 

BUT  —  AND  —  THEN  —  OR. 

PE  (or  TE). 

E  as  in  free;  pronounce  Pee  (or  pea),  Tee  (or  tea). 

"Pe"  usually  means  "and"  and  "te"  is  just  as  often  used  as 
"pe"  is  to  mean  the  same.  The  words  are  interchangeable  or 
cither  can  be  used  at  the  pleasure  of  the  speaker.     Nearly  al- 


78 


THE  CHINOOK   BOOK 


ways  the  meaning  is  "and"  thonprh  not  always,  for  in  certain 
cases  the  meaninp  is  "hut."  "then."  "or."  etc.  The  use  in  these 
meanings,  however,  is  so  limited  that  if  is  almost  safe  to  dis- 
regard thc<;e  monninps  .nnd  let  "and"  he  the  only  meaning  he 
cause  "hut"  "then."  "or."  etc..  are  more  a()t  to  he  expressed  hy 
the  word  "copo"  or  in  some  c.ises  hy  "spose"  (if),  depending  on 
the  conversation.  I  think  it  wonhl  he  well  to  limit  the  meaninc 
..f  "pe"  or  "te"  to  "and"  alone  and  so  nse  it. 

Examples:  "Nika  pe  mika  klatawa."  "You  and  I  (me)  go 
(together)."  "Chaco  pe  lolo  mika  calipeen,"  "Come  and  bring 
your  gun." 

CRAZY  —  FOOLISH  —  ABSURD  —  A    FOOL. 
PELTON. 

F.  as   in   let:   o  as  in   on;   accent   -pel-   and   pronounce   Pel-ton. 

"Pelton"  covers  the  whole  idea  of  insanity,  feeble  minded- 
ness,  foolishness,  etc..  whether  real  or  assumed.  Its  exact 
meaninc:  is  made  clear  I)y  the  words  used  with  it. 

Examples:  "Pelton  man."  "Crazy  (insane)  man."  "Mesika 
delate  pelton,"  "Thev  are  very  foolish."  "Nika  kuitan  chaco 
pelton,"  "My  horse  (was)  come  crazy."  "Pelton  mikaf'  "You 
(are)  crazy,"  (or  "foolish")  as  the  case  may  he. 

FIRE  —  BLAZE  —  RURN. 
PIAH. 

I  as  in  iiie;  a  as  in  f.ither;  accent  -pi    and  pronounce  Pi-ah  as 
.1  single  syllable  word. 

"Piah"  primarily  means  "fire."  aiul  the  use  of  prefix  or  fol- 
lowing words  associates  "fire"  or  "thc-usc  of-fire"  with  any 
object   or  subject. 

Ex;nnplcs:  "Piah."  "Fire."  "Kahkwa  piah."  "Like  fire." 
"Piah  sapolil."  "Bread."  (Literally:  "Flour  changed-by-fire.") 
"Okeoke  piah  canim,"  "Ihat  is  a  fire-bo.it"  (Literally:  "A 
runs  by-firc  boat")  "Piah  chick-chick"  (or  "piah  chickamun 
chjckchick"),  "A  loeomotivc "     (Literally  -      -       - 

waijon.) 


.\  runs-by-fire-iron- 


rOWDER. 
POLALIE. 

O  .IS  in  oat;  a  as  in  at;  i  as  in  thin;  accent  -i)o-  and  pronounce 
Poh  l.al-Iy. 

"Polalie"  alone  means  "powder"  but  it  is  more  often  used 
as  a  descriptive  prefix  w<,rd  to  give  meaning  to  other  words 
which  It  does  by  making  them  mean  "powder-like," 


A 


THE  CHINOOK   BOOK 


79 


Examples:  "Polalie."  "Powder"  (nsiiallv  sr^npowder). 
"Polalie  illahee."  "Sand."  or  "Sandy  proiind."  fUterally: 
"Ground  (that  is)  powder-like."")  (The  same  words  mav  mean 
"dnsty,"  depends  on  snrronndinRs,  snlijcct.  rtc )  "Kahkwa 
polalie,"  "Like  powder."  "Mamook  copo  polalie."  "^Takc  into 
powder"  (grind,  as  wheat,  corn,  etc.")  "Klosh  polalie  okeoke," 
"Good  powder  that  (is)." 


TO  GIVE  — A  GIVE-AWAY-FF.AST. 
POTLATCH. 

O  as  in  pot;  a  as  in  hat;  ch  as  t'sch;  accent   -pot-  and  pro- 
nounce Pot-lat'sch. 

The  primary  meaning  of  "Potlatch"  is  really  a  "give-away- 
feast."    Among  the  Indians  the  Potlatch  was  a  preat  ceremony 
--the  big  event  in  the  life  of  an  Indian — the  one  tliinp  lie  worked 
hardest  for  because  it  raised  him  to  the  dignity  of  a  "big  man." 
Tn   other  words   he   was   an    able   financier   if  he   could   give    a 
"potlatch"  and  the  more  "potlatch"  or  "potlatches"  he  gave  the 
digger  man  he  was.     When  an  Indian  gave  a  "potlatch"  h"  col- 
lected together  all  his  wordly  goods  and  then  sent  out  invita- 
tions to  all  his  friends  and  neighbors  and  ihcir  friends  to  con;e 
•Hid  have  a  feast  and   a  festival  at   his  expense.     He  provided 
the  "eatables"  and  "drinkables,"  the  "time   place  and  the  music' 
and  everybody  was  expected  to  go  in  and  have  the  time  of  their 
lives  singing,  dancing,  feasting  and  making  merry  for  as  long 
as  they  wanted  to  free  of  charge  and  "with   the  blue  sky  for 
the    limit."     Along   toward    the    finish    the    man    who    gave    the 
"potlatch"   gave   away  to  the   assembled   guests   everything   he 
owned  in  the  world — all  his  goods,  chattels  and  belongings  of 
all  kinds — and  even  in  some  cases  his  wives!     This  procedure 
left  him  with   nothing  more   than  when   he   entered   the   world 
except  that  he  had  gained  renown — he  was  now  penniless  but 
lie    was  a  "big  man,"  really,  "somebody."  to  be  looked  up  to, 
venerated   and   pointed   out   as   a  "potlatch  man."     There   was, 
however,  a  string  to  things,  for  everybody  who  received  a  gift 
..t  a  "potlatch"  was  expected  to  some  time,  somewhere,  give  to 
tlie  giftmaker  something  just  as  valuable  (or  even  a  little  more 
valuable)   than  the  present  he  had  received!     This  is  in  fact  a 
common   characteristic  of   Indians  of  all   tribes  everywhere — if 
they  give  you  a  present  you  are  expected  to  return  a  present  of 
e(iual  or  more  value.     The  same  idea  held  good  in  giving  "pot- 
latch" gifts,  yet  the  giving  of  a  "potlatch"  meant   bestowal  of 
great  /.onor  on  the  giver  of  the  "potlatch"  who  was  ever  after- 
wards a  "big  man"  in   the   -yes  of  everybody.     That   was   the 
original  meaning  of  "potlatch."     Common  usage  has  inade  the 


further   meaning   into   "give,"   "to    give.       pay 


'a    gift,"   etc. 


In  ordinary  conversation  it  means  just  plain  "give"  and  is  used 


m  i 

m 
3? 


I 


THE  CHINOOK   BOOK 

t.     T?   ^i.'cV.  'Vivp"  to  cover  the  same  ideas  "give" 
intr  to  cover  quite  a  field  as  above. 

"Cultas  potlatch.  A  preseni.  ■  ■  .  ,„  ,  hpcomc<5  a  word 
,,,nnu.-.  frnn.  i,.  -.'^^^^'.'.^^X^,^  e-in  "  so"' herefore.  "cultas 
.nrnnine  "ploaMire     or    J^Hf  r'^^.^rlJver"  or  "It  is-a-pleasure- 

the  River  receives  pIcaMire  from  fjivJng. 

DRUNK  — FULL  OF. 
PAHTLUM. 

A  a.  in  fnther;  n  a.  in  rum:  accent  -pah-  and  pronounce  Pah- 

'-J^r  original    meaning   of  "Pah^""^"   ^^^  ;*Jf ^.^Jii.JjJ'^nd 

i:,/.:;;,^ meani,,.  . ,f  "filled-up."  "full-of."  etc. 

,.„,„,...      (Old    time    n..J,.    ;;?r°?un-?f  -tert'^tfat 

(is)  ••     "Chaco.   spose  iskum   pahtlum?       <-ome    ion;,   »  vv 
(we")  u"t  drunk." 

P.MNT. 

PENT. 


C-.rrnprinu    of   F.nRlish 
ine.ni  "paint"  or  "painted  " 


"paint."     Used   same  as  English  to 


,,,ack  p.i„.r'     ("Where  ,s  ^^  _hlack  pa  nt M       Mamook^   ^.P^ 
<^^lJ^?^r  AT.  '.i?.aint"  tJl'  can^e'whUe  ■•) 


ijood  paint 


(Idea:   "Paint  the  canoe  white.  ) 

FATHER. 
PAPA. 


does  in 


..is^'^^^t^r^'^^^^^^n^}^-' ^^^' 


'Man  of  the  house,     etc. 


Same  ideas  as  EnRlish. 


THB  CHINOOK  BOOK  •* 

BLANKET. 
PAHSEESEE. 

\cccnt  -pah-  and  pronounce  P'-^^.-s"""'-  ^^„„.iiy  ^^td  in  this 

liawl.  etc.  ftkeoke  nahseesee?"  "How 

Examples:  "Konce  chickamun  o«o«,^PSeoke  pahseesee 
„n,ch  is  this  blanket  (or  Shawn;.  K^^^^^  ^^  ^^^d  cloth 
spose  maniook  klootciunan^coat^^^  ^^^^  ;„,„  ^  ^om- 

l':-c^oa't^r^"Pai-e.'e;-«^^^^ 

PAPER. 
PEP  AH 

my  kind.  „    „.    i-tter"    (Talking   paper). 

a^VVofd^ro^Ji'iro^ut^any  Kte  meaning  where  "paper 
^"  ^^xamp";'- '"^Sfah     lasack."     "Paper     sack."       "Pep«h 
lacasset."  "Paper  box."  etc.     ^^^ 

PIL. 

Pronounce  same  as  English  "pill^'  near-red. 

"Pil"  in  Chinook  means     ^^"^  ./.?ir  °';/"^d   ,loth.»     "PA- 
Examples:     "Okeoke  pil-sail.      T^p^^.^iuii^  "i'Red-water" 

.ometimes  "f^  to  mean^  blood  but  t^  duplication  of  the  word 

„f  the  use  of  'pil    to  »"""„J-d'    d" 
merely  bein'-   'sed  to  mean    red  rea. 

SHOOT  -  BLOW  -  EXPLODE. 
POO. 

Oo  as  in  coo;  pronounce  as  written.  explosive 

..poor  is  an  ejcplo;.- Jo/^V-B^gr  t"o  mean  the^oise 
sound   just   ?s   in   English   we   s^y  m 


S2 


THB  CHINOOK  BOOR 


of   a    ffunshot.     "Poo"   in   Chinook  is  practically  the   same  as 
"Bane^"  in  English  but  it  carries  the  further  mean.ng  of  "blow 
(blow  like  wind).    This  is  really  about  the  same  ,dea  that  "puff 

covers  in  English.  .       , »     «tv.i.i,. 

Examples:  "Mamook  poo."  "(To)  make  shoot."  "Y«hka 
wind  mrmook  poo  nika  lamp."  "He  (the)  wmd  blow-out  tny 
iT^n  ••  "let  man  mamook  poo  yahka  stick  copo  lUahee  copo 
poTaHe  poo'"  ™e  mTn  (a  S,an)%hoot  him  (the)  st  ck-m  the- 
??ouml  whh  powder-shoot."  (Idea:  "The  man  blew  he  stump 
5  n  the  ground  with  powder.")  Th,s  |s  an  «ample  of  how 
iMeas  are  sometimes  brought  out  m  Chinook.  The  words  as 
spoken  do 'nS  convey  the'idea  alone  b"t  the  gestures  that  go 
with  the  words  taken  in  connection  with  lo9at'°";.  fP,*^^f"' 
bstencr  and  .nrroundings  make  the  meaning  plain  to  the  listen- 

NIGHT. 
POLIKELY. 

"Polikely"  in  Chinook  covers  the  whole  idea  of  "night," 
"dirknes"  "gloom,"  and  with  "kahkwa"  used  as  a  prefix 
rKahk^a  PoUkely)  t  is  made  to  mean  "night-like*  to  cover  a 
^smS^o*r?ogS  condition  of  the  -r  -hich  results  mhaUd^^^^^ 
ness.  Primarily,  however,  the  word  means  night  or  oj^ne 
night"  that  is,  pertaining  to,  or  a  part  of,  t^e  night  as  PolUteiy 
tanakulla"  is  "Night-bird,"  meaning  the  owl  while  the  bat  is 
'^oSkelyhiolhool  kahkwa  kuUakulla."  or  "Night-mouse  like-a 
bird"     (Literally:     "The  night-mouse  that  has-wings-and-flies- 

in   (the)   night."     "Hiyu  kahkwa  pohkely.       Much  liJce  ,n>B"»' 
"Copo  polikely  hiyu  pish  chaco  copo  skookuin-chuck.      In  the 
night  many  fish  come  into  the  river  (or  lake;. 

FIGHT. 
PUKKUK. 

U  as  in  up  (both  syllables);  accent  -puk-  and  pronounce  Puk- 

"Pukkuk"  means  "to-fight,"  but  more  in  ^he  sense  of^'fight^ 
shade  the  meaning  in  various  ways. 


THB  CSHmOOK  BOOK 


83 


"Heehee   pukkuk"   "To   box"    (A  Jun-fisLht). 
-    -  ■•  -A  bad  fiKbt-a  vcry-mad-fight-a  fij 


"Delate  soUeks  pukuk."  "A  ^^^d  fiRM-a  very  in  ^ 

where  the  fighters  "]""  ^\^i;?"!;,3W.fi*ht "  f^^^  the  fight- 
fight"  "Mamook  pukkuk.  .  ^^ n;^'J«. Jf;*^^  ^ ^,  a  good  fight- 
injr.)    "Klosh  pukkuk  nika  kowmux..     My  aog  i        k 


er.' 


("Good-fight(er)  my  dog  (>s).  ) 


COUGAR. 


PUSSPUSS. 

you  got "    (Idea:    "You  k|lled  ^^.R  cougar^  )i«i^^^^ 
^itlite     copo,    house^^^   J,SoloWsi;'    "Spotted   wildcat" 

"'°""'  CLOTH -WOVEN   GOODS. 

SAIL. 

word  also  means  "a  sail  /o'^.f J°f*' '^.'iv  with  "sail"  to  mean 
meanings,  each  of  -l^'^^^"  "",Vr^?S"\he  other.  This  would 
"cloth"  in  one  case  or     boat-sail     »"^y  j  combinations 

seem  to  be  con  using  bti     t  is^not    for^he  wo        ^.^^  ..^j^^^„ 

used  with  "sail"  ;".  t'l^i^f^J^d  "sed  with  '^ail"  in  the  "boat 
:?ir  SThavrt^doVhS  The  handling  of  a  boat,  so  the  mean- 

"^  LtpTslBoat    sail):  JMamook   l^eekwUlj  ng«   ^.^ 

;iMS"\^A  ^fg^^^ilHet^^U  oWcano^^^  „,^,,  ,,, 

(Cloth  examples)     "«°?\*:?j;, "^^^  ° JrSico.")^^ «^^^ 
ored  (prin;)  cloth  that  (is)^      (That  is  goodie    ^^^^.  ,    j,^^ 

'(t?o"oler"KSJ^«  si?/.-;liiror  lSnt-«.il)."  "Like  oilcloth 
(or  painted  cloth)." 

FLOUR  — MEAL. 

SAPOLIL. 

A  as  in  sap;  o  as  in  oat;  i  as  in  lily;  accent  -sap-  and  pronounce 
Sap-poh-UL 


I 

i  I 

1 1  ■ 


M 


THBJ  CHINOOK  BOOK 


..Sapoin-  mean,  meal  "^  fl-r  made  ^om  nnyjjind  of  graia 

It  is  usually  used  in  ^"""r,V"'n.Uside  of  this  it  usually  means 
"baked-bread"  (Piah  sapohl).    0.,ts^  ^^^^^,   to  ^desipjate 

wheat-flour  and  is  mostly  usort  ^^  '  ^  ,Tiean  "meal     or 

flour  when  buyinff  supplies^  InendinR  on  the  words  used  with 
any  kind  of  Rround-up-Kram.  '^'^^^^^^^^  Tn  this  case  the  English 
it  To  qualify  the  kmd  '^f  "Xn  mooIU"  means  "corn  meal''  and 
word  precedes  it.  ^%  ^°?"-^'Poind-Sain-for-horse-feed"  just 
"iSiitan  sapolir  would  mean     ground  gra^^^^^^^^^^^^.^^^,. 

as  "moosmops-sapolil  .A™.^  " bran,"  usually.) 
to-eaf  (by  inference,     shorts 

EYES  — FACE. 

SEEOWIST. 

,  „  ;„  .e:  „»  ,o.c,„c,...  in  cow:  .  as  .„  U:  ac.n.  -.»-  ..^ 

,n  mean  eyes  or  to  fix  ^"'"^    "  ;« fl";^Tv,le   enough,  however,   to 
eyes   than   any   other   way        t   is   nex  ^^  ^   ,.    ^„,,    even    to 

;^can    "see.;;    or    r..ther    tn"^;      "'"J^Y  ofjen.     In   common  usage 
^mn   "face     sometimes,  tnoiiRn   in'i    ,  „ 

^^used  t^o  mean  almost  exclusively      yes.  ^^^ 

Examples ,  "Nika  se«o>?"»^^«°  Sdoctin  wawa  nika  iskum 
C^ore  hurt,  do  not  see  well)  f*"*^^ 'f  t  r,rmst)  get  spectacles 
Tonah  see^st."  "Tic  (the  ^o^tor  s. os  ^ ./--J\53 J^  yahka 
rrlnlHr  shaped-glasses)  for  my  .^y",  ,  „  ,.m  friend  she  (the 
^  iSotchU  y;J>^^*, -rf  (o^biue.'l,^  color."  "Kloah 
;^i;^,:eTwi"st^r-^{yo-  eyes  goodr  ^  ^^^ 

Note:-"Nanage",,is    » '«;,;^^7rt^i„,7;Tonversation   ••n.nage" 
instead   of  "seeowist"   and   m    ^J'},'^^^^  ^tc,  and  "seeowiat"  to 
would  be   used   to  mean     look,       see. 
mean  the  "eyes. 

MAD -ANGRY -VEXED -TEMPER. 

SOLLEKS. 

•     „.f  iccent  -sol    and  pronounce  SoU- 
O  as  in   solemn;  c  as  in  get,  accent 

ecks.  .      _,vinle  idea  of  "angry"  as 

"SoUeks"  in  Chinook  covers  the  ^\°>^;;;^,d,  vexed    out 

understood  in   Engl.sh.     All  degrees  oang  y.^^^^^  ^     j 

of  temper,  etc..  are     s°"*J''    ,\,ai,5   and    if   not   used   this   way 
Sen'^bf  ;re"^.rof  Uett"  inTonLction  with  the  other  words 

^"  ^  Examples"-  "Nika  chaco  solleks."  "I  got  mad."    (LUeraUy: 


THB  CHINOOK  BOOK 


,  hiyu  pukkuk." 


.'1  come  mad.")  "D.UU  •<Jl«Jf»  f^JZ-'^fijSr  dfiiii^- 
'My  dog  was  very  mad  ^n<l. '""'^'^J?)^?  ko-.w»ictM  kokrtwt 
u.  W  konce  chacp  .o  ek.  r^ojJ^'^^J^'J^hen  C^  come, 
hvai  hyak,  a-a-ahl  He  (.is  a;  very  """."*  ,;;_i._y,-i"  "Chim 
mad  "he)  makes  all  things  '^'"^shed  b^  quick    yeii 

pe  xim  chaco  .oUeka.  V^.'^^^^^.^^t^^  Sn^ht  and  the 
frSroUc:.2i)  cTr^rie^dTpu^trtSi^m  fn  the  sirong-house 

Uail)." 

IF  — SUPPOSE. 

SPOSB. 

O  as  in  oat;  pronounce  same  ^'^  J^"8|;^';-         ^^^  "suppose"  and 

"Spose"  is  a  corrupt.o^i  o    th«  ^Jf  l^'l^.^^  i„  &^glish.     It 

mca!is  m  Chinook  about  wnai     supvu  j,      .^  j 

,s  usually  used  the  same  as    if    is  usea  •"  ^' S  ,   ..^  you 

,-  1     .     "«nn>e  mika  chaco   mamook,       auppo»«  £>'7, 

Lxamples:    ^  Sp<»e  muM  en.  j^^^  mowitch, 

come  and  work  (for  me).  J'»*».,'^£j*  okeoke  stone  deUte 
•1  (will  be)  glad  If  CD  get  a  deer  ^P^^gt^ne  is  too  hard  do 
kull  halo  mika  ^aniook  kokshut,      l    tnatji  ^^^^^^ 

Mut  (try)  you  Uo)  break  iL  Sikl  uoSchnSm  chaco  copo 
mesika  maniook  spose  konaway  ™*»f .     ,  ^^ke  suppose 

nii!  house."  "Very  much  d^^"«„^„"3^f"«4iS.?  ^ke  klap  nika 
all  your  women  come  to  my  house       ^^  s.^  ^^^  ^^ 

kuiun  halo  metika  "atawa  copo  Seattle,      uu;  ^^^ 

horses  we  will  not  go  to  ^Seattle.       (Literally, 
horses  not  we  go  beattie.  ; 

FAR- LONG  DISTANCE -LENGTH. 

SIAH. 

I  as  in  sight;  a  as  in  ^-^er;  accent^ s.^d^onoimce^S^^ 

"Siah"  is  usually  used  to  mean     ^^"l  J^'i^^'^h  as  "okeoke 
.hough  It  .^  ^-te   ^requcnaj^used^to^i^^^^^^^^^^^^  ^^^^.^ 

!St  is^ho'rt)'"  '^its'isurf  us'eTto  mdicate  long-distance-m- 
S?:i"m1hf length  of  a  road.  -e.^c. 

Examples:  "Konce  «g^^P°.«^  Smitlite."  "It  is  a 
far  is  it  to  your  house.  ,J****}«.  *.?  Q^eat  distance  is  indicated 
very  long  distance  (to  where)  ^  »,>^:. ^^^^^ove  just  the  same  as 
by  drawing  out  the   word  as  u  d.cated  above^  ^^^ 

long-time-past  is  indicated  by  'l'^fw,'"f.  ""'^j  JTadding  "delate" 
Uke^nanner  stUl  greater  distance  ...dica^e^^  ^g^^  .^  ^^^ 

""^  "*^r"  .^lii'nia^Co-^oiei^  ilil"  "^ar  1  have  come  to- 
Ty""  ^'wSfsilh?  "Not  far"  (short  distance). 


THa  CHINOOK  BOOK 

ONE-HALF-THE  MIDDLE. 

8ITKUM. 

t    -iit    and  pronounce  Sit-kum. 
I  as  in  sit;  u  as  in  up;  acceni  -^   -  y  ^^^^ 

"Sitkum"  primarily  means  -"J^'jf  ^^'^JJean  "larger  half." 
fractional  part  by  .V^'"«  J  J  '\aT^f"  •  "nluch.  very  much.  „etc.. 
•much   larger   half,       '"'"*  5f   '„  ;itkum,"  "Small-half.        »•- 

••one-half"  or  some  fractional  part. 

STRONG  -  GREAT  STRENGTH  -  PERFECTION  - 
SIRONG      u     ^j.j^5^jjjAL  WORTH. 

SKOOKUM. 

Oo  as  in  coo;  us  as  in  hum;  accent  -sWoo-  and  pronounce  Skoo- 

!^"skookum"  has  a  .-iW.f7,%o°i)?^?en^^^^^ 
interchangeable   r'"i\ffe«n«    ii    the 'use    of    the    two   wordj 

s?n^Tthat  a  perfectly  heaWjy^^^^^ 

exact  definition  of    f  *°°*i^„  ..^1^  akookum,"  meaning    very 
would  be  spoken  of  as  bemg,  dcUte  ^^^^  ^^^  '^'^^J^ 

strong"   ^Vr^la^'to  mean  "goodness"  in  »<>«« -^.f  JJiVoSkii?' 
it  is  usually  used  to  mean     go  j^ ,.  ^j^..  while    "fO""^. 

it  is  "skookum."  okeoke."  "A  strong  man  (that 

Pv.mukb      -Skookum  man  oKeone,  ^         ^^i^g 

i,)  ..^''Sokum  stick."  •7-"?.\.X°°trong  ope"  "Skookum- 
biws  from.)  "Skookum  lope  A  s  rong^^  P  ..oood-for-you 
r^knrk"  "Fresh  water.  U^'s  "=*'/..  compared  to  taw- 
water'"  that  is,  ••makes-you-strong  ^f  J^'d.ik-)     *^D«^"  ^'^^' 


TUB  CHINOOK  BOOK 


17 


"A   well    mu.cled.    V'on^^°'»''"«  ,2^I^;ireu"»"8K;to 

thrnkeTa  leader,  a  good  speaker,  a  wiie  man.) 

STONE  -  ROCK  -  STONELIKE. 
STONE. 

The   English   word   P-«o-«<toVd  fn"®^^^^^^ 
^£^U^  rot;jr\9^rlire  Se«  .ean  "hard- 
like-stone."    Use  as  in  Enghsh. 

UP  — ABOVE. 
8AHALE. 
A  as  in  father  (both  syllables);  e  as  in  me;  accent  -sah-  and  pro- 
nounce Sah-hah-lee.  j^.  J, 

Alone  It.  means  "?'  °' JP  Jj^epends  on  words  used 
or  comparative  he^;fuU  ..'^^^"•Jf  ^  u?!"  "ten.,  aahale."  the 
with  it  as  "deUte  ."»»*}«•  ,'\:^'uy.  ",  "little  up."  Usually  used 
opposite  or  hte«lly,,  /  "i*^,3ovrchief  to  mean  the  Chris- 
thus:  "8^«  %ich  by  Sfe  Xia  not  the  Indian  conception 
rthtDiely^'at'a^i:  bit  ffe' white 'man's  idea  grafted  on  to  In- 
dian understanding).  ..s.h«le"  at  an  early  time  in  the 

It  is  altogether  likely  that    Sah^e    M  an  ea  ^  ^^^ 

history  of  ChTnook  »«»"*  t^  »^*j.7*JJ  int?Sduced  by  the  mis- 
understands .t.  tha    th«  word  was  J^  '"^^'^J^J^^e  i(  this  arbi- 
sionaries  who  a^oP^^^  some  Indian  wora  a       g^^  ^^^^ 
trary  meanmg  in  o'^er  to  carry  on  ine.r        »  additional 

the  Indians.  Usage  however  has  K^^JJj  ^"'=  ^  ^o^„  "up."  "up 
meaning,  or  rather  broadened  the  >"""•"? .^^j'  j  ..„  »  *^Nowa- 
above,;  "high  "P  \«»«,-;,';,  r  U'de"  of  the  ihUe  mean's  "God" 

S^e^'mu^rsV  •M«-^«"  4  ..^^^^^  °"  "^°""*  °' 

the  present  broad  meaning  of    aahale. 

PANTALOONS  -  LEGGINS. 
SOKOLUKS. 

O  as  in  soak  (both  syllables):  u  as  in  up;  accent  -kol-  and  pro- 

=  5S«-P»n^^^ 
SiTso  mJlJ  uTe^al^Sbe  alLst  unknown. 


i 


MICROCOPY    RESOLUTION   TEST    CHART 

lANSI  and  ISO  TEST  CHART  No    2i 


1.0 


I.I 


1.25 


12.8 


•^  Ilia 
i:  m 


1.4 


2.2 

12.0 

1.8 
1.6 


A     APPLIED  \t\A^(3E     \r 


^^•. '    East    Main    Street 

c,:t-«sler.    Ne,    York         14609       USA 

"'■(.    ".8^  -  OJOO  -  Pnone 

-ifO    288  -  ■jjSg  -  Fax 


88 


THB   CHINOOK  BOOK 


SALLALBERRY. 
SALLAL. 

A  as  ii^   salmon   (both  syllables);  accent  -lal-  and  pronounce 

Sal-lal. 

A  wild  berry  (the  gualtheria  Shallon)  common  to  the 
wooded  districts  of  the  Coast  and  to  the  Rocky  Mountain  tim- 
bered country.  Formerly  used  as  food  but  now  hard^  ever 
used  at  all,  and  the  word  has  been  incorporated  into  English 
and  used  to  designate  both  the  berry  and  the  plant  itself,  and 
when  used  in  Chinook  is  used  exactly  as  "strawberry,"  "black- 
berry," etc.,  are  used  in  English. 

SALMON. 
SALMON. 

English  name  incorporated  iiito  Chinook  and  used  to  cover 
all  the  salmon  tribe  of  tishes  that  swim  the  seas.  Used  exactly 
as  it  is  used  in  English  with  prefix  words  to  designate  the  par- 
ticular kind  of  salmon,  thus:  "Tyee  salmon,"  "Chief  salmon" 
(Quinat.)  "T'zum  salmon,"  "The  spotted  salmon"  (trout). 
"Tenas  salmon,"  "Little  salmon."  "Silber  salmon,"  "Silver  sal- 
mon."    "Kowmux  salmon,"  "Dog  salmon." 

SALT. 
SALT. 

English  word  used  in  Chinook  exactly  as  used  in  English. 
Used  as  a  prefix  for  water,  thus:  "Salt  chuck"  means  "Salt 
water"  or  "ocean."    Otherwise  same  as  English. 

HAT. 
CHAPPO. 

French  "Chapeau"  incorporated  into  Chinook  with  its  orig- 
inal meaning  but  now  practically  obsolete.  Used  yet  to  some 
extent  to  mean  "hat"  or  "cap."  "Klootchman  chappo"  means 
"woman-hat."     The  word  is  now  practically  out  of  use. 


ti 


n 


'4 


SHAME. 
SHEM. 

The  English  word  incorporated  into  Chinook  with  its 
English  meaning  but  Indian  pronunciation.  Used  and  means 
same  as  English  "shame  " 


T&a  CHINOOK  BOOK 


89 


i  ■ 


SUGAR. 
SUKWAH. 

U  sounds  as  oo  in  coo;  a  as  in  father;  accent  -suk-  and  pro- 
nounce Sook-wah. 

The  English  word  "sugar"  pronounced  in  Indian  patois 
which  substitutes  "k"  for  "g"  and  "ah"  for  "r."  Used  and 
means  the  same  as  English  "sugar"  when  used  in  Chinook. 

GRIZZLY  BEAR. 
SIAM. 

I  as  in  high;  a  as  in  am;  accent  -am-  and  pronounce  Sigh-ahm. 
Old   Chinook  for  "Grizzly  bear,"   but   so  little  used   now- 
adays as  to  be  obsolete.    Should  be  preserved  and  used  to  mean 
what  "grizzly  bear"  does  in  English. 

SICK. 
SICK. 

English  word  with  its  English  meaning  incorporated  into 
Chinook.  Use  it  with  quahfying  words  the  same  as  in  English 
to  designate  the  "kind  of  sick"  and  it  will  be  right. 

Examples:     "Wahm-sick,"    "Fever."     "Cole-sick,"    "Chill." 
"Delate  sick,"  "Very  sick,"     "Sick  tumtum,"  "Sick  at  heart 
"Sick  cope  home,"  "Homesick." 

SEVEN. 
SINAMOX. 

I  as  in  sin;  a  is  in  father;  o  as  in  ox;  accent  -sin-  and  pro- 
nounce Sin-a-mocks. 

The  numeral  "Seven."  No  other  meaning.  Use  just  as 
English  "seven"  would  be  used  under  all  conditions. 

(See  "Counting  in  Chinook"  for  use  in  making  higher  num- 
bers.) 

SIAWASH  INDIAN. 

SIAWASH. 

I  as  in  sigh;  a  as  in  ah   (very  slightly);  a  as  in  wash;  accent 

-si-  and  pronounce  Sigh-ah-wash. 

"Si=*wash"  originally  meant  the  Indian  man  of  the  West 
Coast  north  of  the  Columbia  River.  Common  usage,  however, 
has  made  the  meaning  to  cover   "Indians"  as  a  people,  men, 


n 


9*  THE   CHINOOK   BOOK 

women  and  children  alike,  and  anything  connected  with  them 
IS  designated  "Siawash,"  meaning  "Indian  owned."  "Indian 
made,"  "Indian  like,"  etc. 

In  Chinook  usage  "Siawash"  means  "Indian"  or  "Indians" 
or  "Indian  man,"  "Indian  woman,"  "Indian  child"  or  "Indian 
property  as  tlic  case  may  demand.  If  it  is  "Indian"  in  any 
way  it  IS  '  Siawash"  in  Chinook.  Use  it  accordingly  with  prefix 
or  follow-up  words  to  bring  the  whole  meaning  out. 

Examples:  "Siawash  canim,"  "Indian  canoe."  "Siawash 
man,  "Indian  man."  "Siawash  cosho,"  "Indian  pig"  (the  hair 
seal).    "Siawash  ictas,"  "Indian  things." 

SKIN  —  LEATHERY  —  RIND. 

SKIN. 

"Skin"  is  the  English  word  in  Chinook,  meaning  and  all, 
and  with  the  added  meanings  of  "leather,"  "rawhide,"  "hide," 
^^^:i  ,4",yM""S  of  any  kind  or  shape  made  of  any  skin  or  leather 
IS  skin  in  Chinook  and  the  word  is  almost  always  used  as  a 
prefix  to  some  other  word  so  that  it  really  means  "made-of- 
skin,  thus:  "Skm  lacasset,"  "A  purse  or  handbag— a  leather 
covered  trunk."  "Skin  shoe,"  "Leather  shoes"  (white  men's 
shoes,  not  moccasins).  "Mowitch  skin,"  "Buckskin."  "Skin 
lope, '  "Rawhide  rope"  (or  string),  etc. 

RAIN. 

SNASS. 

Pronounce  as  spelled  (a  as  in  has). 

Chinook  word  for  "rain";  no  other  meaning. 

Examples:  "Hiyu  snass,"  "Much  rain."  "Cole  snass," 
;Snow  (cold  rain).  "Kahkwa  snass,"  "Mist,"  (like  rain). 
Cultas  snass,  "Fog."  "Halo  nika  klatawa  copo  snass,"  "I  will 
not  go  in  the  rain."     ("No  I  go  in  rain.") 


JUMP. 
SOPENA. 

U  as  in  soap;  e  as  in  see;  a  as  in  father;  accent  -so-  and  pro- 
nounce So-peen-nah. 

Chinook  meaning  is  "jump"  or  "spring,"  "leap,"  "hop,"  etc. 
Very  little  used  nowadays  but  should  be  preserved  as  it  is  good 
Chinook. 


pcna. 


Examples:     "Sopena  nika!"  "Jump  youl"     "Halo  nika  80< 

I,"  "Not  will  i  jump"  (no  me  jump). 


THE  CHINOOK  BOOK 


91 


EIGHT. 

STOTEKIN. 

O  as  in  oat;  e  as  in  eat;  i  as  in  tin;  accent  -stote-  and  pronounce 
Stote-e-kin. 

The  numeral  "eight."     Has  no  other  meaning. 
(See  "counting  in  Chinook"  for  use  m  making  higher  num- 

'"'•^  SUN. 

SUN. 

The  English  word,  meaning  and  all,  incorporated  into  Chi- 
nook and  given  the  further  broader  meaning  of  "a  day,  as  a 
measure  of  time. 

Examples:  "Okeoke  sun,"  "That  (is  the)  sun."  "let  sun, 
"One  sun"  (one  day— the  time  it  takes  the  sun  to  cross  the  sky 
once)  "Okeoke  sun,"  is  also  used  to  mean  "this  day  (today). 
"SiUnim  sun,"  "Middle-day"  (noon).  "Elip  sitkum  sun.  Be- 
fore middle-day"  (forenoon).  "Kimtah  sitkum  sun,"  After 
middk  day"  (afternoon).  "Wake  sun,"  "Dark  (cloudy,  no 
sun)."     "Hiyu  sun,"  "Much  sun"  (hot,  bright). 

SUNDAY. 
SUNDAY. 

Same   as    English,   pronounced    same,    means    same,    used 

same.  ,,,       «     j      ». 

"Hyas  Sunday,"  "Holiday"   (big  Sunday).     'let  Sunday, 
"One  week,"  etc. 

TREE  —  TIMBER  —  LUMBER. 

STICK. 

Same  as  English. 

The  word  "stick"  is  used  to  denote  "tree'  or  wood  of 
anv  kind— "anything-made-of-wood."  It  is  used  alone  to  mean 
"free"  or  a  "timber"  of  any  kind,  a  "pole."  "large  plank,"  "bridge 
timber,"  etc.  Its  other  uses  make  it  a  prehx  word  to  mean 
"wooden,"  "made  of  wood,"  "like  wood,"  etc. 

Examples:  "Yahka  stick,"  "Him  (that)  tree."  (or  a  pole,  a 
big  plank,  a  timber,  etc.,  depending  on  object.  f"bject  and  sur- 
roundings). "Whim  stick,"  "Down-timber"  (fallen  logs,  etc., 
1  st"ck  fr  tree  on  the  ground).  "Stick  ship,"  '/A  wooden  sW 
"Stick  caUpeen,"  "A  bow"  (wooden  gun).  "Nika  tika  ax  sUck, 
"1  want  an  ax  handle." 


ill 


92 


THE  CHINOOK  BOOK 


l^:t  .^?^^  ~  ^^^^^^  -  ^"OST  -  ANYTHING  BEYOND 

HUMAN      UNDERSTANDING  -  THE      MANY-THINGS 

UNKNOWN -THE    WHOLE    IDEA    OF    THE    SUPER 

NATURAL  FROM  ANY  ANGLE. 

TAHMAHNAWIS. 

A  as  in  father  in  all  three  syllables;  i  as  in  hiss;  accent  -mah- 

Anything  that  a  West  Coast  Indian  does  not  see  a  lo«ca! 
connected   sequence  of  events  plainly  accounting  for    he  calls' 
Tahmanawis.'     The  word  alone  means  "superna^tura?"  "suoe 

S""'e°tr'^;he'^'Ta^.hnl"-"^.^n^°°^  by' mankin>  'Sgic" 
I  lings,     etc.     ihe     Tahmahnawis"  idea  goes  even  further  than 

this   for   It   gives-supernatural-power   to   inanima?e   objects    or 

credits  them  with  already  having  such  powjf      l!  also  co've?s 

the  whole  Idea  ot  "luck"  (good  or  bad)  and  of  "the-evil  ey?"  i? 

power-to-injure-by-supernatural-power.      Anything    and    everv 

thing   God-hke,   Devil-like,   Spirit-like    etc     is   "Tahm^h.,,^^" 

C;;'thVortt"^^'^  7ahmahnaS.is.-Tid  fS'thI  siS'jJ^s'JS  y 
by  the  practice  of  certain  "magic"  or  "Tahmahnawis"  rites 
songs,  incantations  or  ceremonies.  Luck  is  grantedthe  same  wav 
o  the  person  who  knows  how  to  appeal  for  help  to  the  soTritro^ 
the  unseen  world.  One  can  "cast  a  spell"  or  injure  his  enemies 
or  gam  help  for  himself  in  the  same  way.     A  "medicin?  Sin" 

UitlraUvr'A'"!'."^'"^  \'  ^V^^l"^'?'^  a'^-TahmatoiSSf  S' 
Uiterally;     A  man   m  touch  with   the   spirits  and  the   whole 

a7d  the°Lt^*"'H'"P^''"5^'"'"^'  P°r"'  the-many-th"ngs-unkJown 
and  the  unseen,  dreaded  powers  that  are  invisible  "  etc  (and  not 
understood  to  mean  a  doctor  of  medicine  at  all.  rSi  y  "Med^ 
cine-man"  conveys  the  idea  that  a  man  is  a  "maS-priMt- 
doctor-wonder-worker    man.")  "i*8n.ian  pnesi 

"Tahmahnawis"  is  divided  in  the  Indian  understandinjr  into 
Uie    good    or   "klosh   Tahmahnawis"    (which    are    the    hflp"ng 

lue  acts),  the  Klale  Tahmahnawis"  (which  is,  literally  "black 
magic"  and  IS  the  evil  power  that  brings  sickness,  death  bad 
uck  and  misfortune),  the  "Sahale  Tahmahnawis"  (which  has 
iLcrT^  '^'  up-above-Gods,  the  Christian  understanding  of 
the  Creator  and  all  connected  with  God  or  Jesus)  and  the 
"Sick  or  Medicine  Tahmahnawis"  (the  prachce"^  of  heahWby! 
aid-of-magic-ceremonies  of  the  medicine  man).  "^aung  Dy 

far  Z.nl^  '^  "°^  space  here  to  give  a  full  description  of  the 
far  reaching  meaning  of  "Tahmahnawis"  to  the  Indian  under- 

n'heZ."?H  '°  t''"''''  '^f  "Tahmahnawis"  ceremTnies  used 
ui  heaiaig  the  sick,  nor  to  describe  the  "Red  Tahmahnawis"  a 


nt 


THB  CHIKOOK  BOOK 


93 


ceremonial  incantation-dance  of  thanks-for-good-luck  and  ap- 
iteal-for-fiirther-protection  that  was  originally  practiced  by 
West  Coast  Indians  for  three  or  four  days  each  year.  Nor  can 
we  go  into  the  ceremonies  of  the  great  "Klale  Tahmahnawia" 
which  was  and  had  to  do  with  an  organized  secret  society 
closely  allied  to  Masonry,  in  some  ways,  among  the  Indians, 
hut  with  additional  rites,  practices  and  ceremonies  of  a  nature 
that  made  the  name  "Klale  Tahmahnawis"  (literally.  "Black- 
magic"  society),  feared  everywhere  for  its  terrors,  both  real 
nnd  fancied — (cannibalism  was  frequently  practiced  by  this  so- 
ciety and  sometimes  a  live  slave  or  captive  was  actually  torn 
tn  pieces  by  the  teeth  of  the  society  members  and  the  victim's 
flesh  eaten  raw),  nor  can  we  describe  the  "Tahmahnawis"  of 
a  religious  character  that  had  to  do  strictly  with  the  Gods  and 
God-like  things.  Each  branch  of  "Tahmahnawis"  could  be 
made  to  fill  a  book  before  it  was  finished,  and  a  study  of  the 
"Tahmahnawis"  idea  as  found  among  all  the  Indian  tribes  of 
the  continent  (in  some  form  or  other  of  ceremonial  perform- 
ances, etc.)  is  the  most  fascinating  thing  connected  with  In- 
dians. It  is  so  weird,  so  full  of  the  unseen,  the  "many-things- 
imknown"  that  it  makes  one  "creep"  and  wonder  if  there  really 
can  be  anything  bthind  the  idea  of  "Tahmahnawis"  more  than 
the  lack  of  ability  of  the  human  understanding  to  grasp  the 
imknown,  unseen  powers  that  are  cosmic  in  their  scope. 

For  the  purposes  of  Chinook,  let  the  word  'Tahmahnawis" 
cover  all  the  ideas  explained  briefly  above  and  use  it  as  a  prefix 
word  to  attach  these  meanings  or  any  one  of  them  to  the  sub- 
ject under  discussion.  Use  it  alone  to  mean  any  or  all  of  the 
"Many-things-unknown,"  or  bring  it  into  a  sentence  any  way 
to  modify  or  attach  to  the  sentence  idea  any  or  all  of  the  above 
ideas  and  it  will  be  used  properly  so  far  as  Chinook  usage  is 
concerned. 

Examples:  "Okeoke  nika  tahmahnawis,"  "That  (is)  my 
guardian  spirit  (my  protector)."  "Klosh  tahmahnawis  okeoke," 
"Good  magic  that"  (has  protective  pjowers).  "Okeoke  klale 
tahmahnawis,"  "That  (is)  black  magic  (something  with  far- 
reaching  power  to  work  injury)."  "Tahmahnawis  iotas,"  "Thmgs 
of  (or  having  to  do  with)  magic,  or  the  practice  of  magic  cere- 
monies, rites,  etc."  "Tahmahnawis  man,"  "A  medicine  man." 
(The  medicine  man  was,  first,  a  conjurer  or  maker-vvorker  of 
magic;  second,  a  priest  or  maker-talker- worker  of  religious  rites 
and  ceremonies;  third,  a  doctor  of  medicine  who  cured  by  the 
use  of  a  few  simple  remedies  and  the  sweat  bath,  together  with 
a  large  amount  of  the  ceremonial  performances  of  both  of  the 
other  above  "Tahmahnawis"  branches  of  his  profession  (Nos. 
1  and  2);  and,  fourth,  a  m.an  of  such  personal,  supernatural- 
powers-derived-through-his-personal-contact  -  with  -  both  -  good  - 
and-evil-spirits,  that  he  could  work  great  good  or  bad  as  he 


I;!: 

Hl!i! 


94 


THE  CHINOOK  BOOK 


■*,      : 


chose  into  the  everyday  life  of  anyone  by  the  use  of  certain 
ceremon.es  or  even  by  "wishing"  things  to  happ".  He  las 
always  the  most  feared  and  best  hated  man  m  the  tribe  aJd  his 

^h-Zl  7''   ^T'l"^"""  L"^   d^P«"ding  on   his  past  record  o' 
hmgs  accomphshed,  and  he  was.  to  be  sure,  always  quick  to 
ttirn  anythmpr  to  advantage  to  add  to  his  reputation  ) 

A    FRIEND -PEOPLE -TRIBE -PERSON -RELA- 
TIVES—A  MATE-TO  OR  FRIEND -OF. 

TILACUM. 

("Tih'kiims  of  Fitfacs"  spelling  Tilikum.) 

^  ''TilUh-kum.'"  ^^'^"''  "  ''  '"  "•"=  "'""'  -*''-  '"d  pronounce 

"mvTiln*!)'^"  'i  ^'■'""''y  the  Chinook  word  for  "friend"  or 
"TZIa\  '^'  /^"^''  ^^^"T  "'^^  *°  '"di^te  "friend,"  "friends" 
friendly,  etc.  In  actual  use  it  is  stretched  to  mean  any  per- 
son or  persons,  strangers,  crowds,  people,  relatives  etc  The 
exact  meaning  is  always  given  by  qualifying  words  that  are 
used  usual  y  (but  not  always)  as  prefix  words  to  fix  thJidea 
of     crowd  "  "people."  "friend,"  "stranger."  "relative."  "persoS" 

subl^T'J'^'  "^P'  ""'^  *°  ^iV  '^  ^  ^^fi"i»^  relation  hip^?"°he 
subject  under  discussion.  The  speaker  and  hearer  situation 
surroundings  and  subject  in  hand  all  have  a  bSg  on  Ind 
?nt'l,e^',Tn?"lM^'^^.'^'  exact  meaning  to  the  spoken  word 
words  iracIual'Sse."  ^"^*  ''  ^'^^  '"  ^^'^"^  ^"^^  -'"^  Chinook 
tilacum'-'AII^of"^*''*  *»!?<="»".;  'Jy  friend."     "Konaway  nika 

cum»^'A  ,.S  ("Tn^^°^},''  ^"?*.  "^^  ^"^^^"  "Opitsah  tila- 
cum,      A  tab  e  fork  (literally,  a  friend-of  or  mate-to  the  knife")  " 

it*l") '"'"ffivu^t?^"  "^U  -l^J-t-e  friend  (an  olVresident,' old- 
timer).  Hiyu  tilacum,"  "A  crowd— many  people."  "Konawav 
tilacum  klatawa,"  "All   (the)  people   (have)   gone."  or  "AI?  rSy 

"K^lt  .^r'    ^"".^C  (dfP/^^li"^    "n    surrounding    condh  inT)^ 
Klosh  tilacums,"  "Good  friends."  i'""»^ 

TIRED  — HEAVY. 
TILL. 

I   as  in   kill;  pronounce  as  written. 

"Till"  means   either  "tired"  or  "heavy-in-weight."     In   the 

tiS  «Vh»ri"^/*  "N"-^"^  ^^^^  "''^  "*'''*^^"  >"  English  except 
that  chaco  (come)  is  usually  used  as  a  prefix  and  in  the  sec- 
ond meaning  it  is  used  to  mean  usually  "great  weight,"  though 
It  may  mean  any  weight  or  a  comparative  weight,  depending 
on  surroundings  and  how  it  is  used. 

Examples:     "Nika  chaco  till,"  "I  am  tired"   (literally,  "I 


THB  CHINOOK  BOOK 


95 


come  tired.")  "Wake  till  nika."  "Not  tired  (am)  I."  "Nika 
klootchman  delate  till,  mesika  mitlite,"  "My  woman  (is)  very 
tired,  we  (will)  stop  (here)."  "Okeoke  stick  delate  till."  "That 
timber  (is)  very  heavy."  "Till  kahkwa  chickmun."  "Heavy  like- 
iron  (or  metal)."  "Hiyu  till  okeoke,  wake  mitlite  copo  canim." 
"Very  heavy  that  (is),  not  (let  it)  stay  in  (the)  canoe."  (Idea: 
"That  is  too  heavy — do  not  put  in  the  canoe.")  "Yahka  stone 
delate  till;  hyas  till  nika,  spose  lolo,"  "He  (that)  stone  (is)  very 
heavy,  big  tired  mc  (I  would  be)  suppose  (I)  carry  (it)."  (Idea: 
"That  is  a  heavy  stone;  it  would  make  me  tired  to  carry  it.") 

SMALL  —  LITTLE  —  FEW  —  SHORT. 

TENAS. 

E  as  in  pen;  a  as  in  pass;  accent  -ten-  and  pronounce  Ten-as. 

"Tenas"  is  the  symbol  of  "small  size"  in  Chinook  and  is 
used  as  a  prefix  or  as  a  following  word  in  any  sentence  to  con- 
nect the  "small-size"  idea  or  the  idea  "few-in-numbers,"  "short," 
"little,"  etc.,  with  the  subject  in  hand.  Anything  that  is  small 
is  always  spoken  of  as  "tenas"  just  as  anything  large  is  called 
"hyas"  in  speaking  Chinook. 

Examples:  "Tenas  man,"  "A  boy."  "Tenas  whim  stick," 
"A  small  log."  "Delate  tenas,"  "Very  small."  "Tenas  siah," 
"A  short  distance."  "Okeoke  delate  hyas;  mamook  tenas," 
"That  is  too  big;  make  it  small."  "Tenas  lope,"  "A  string  (small 
rope)."  "Nika  tika  tenas  cosho  gleece,"  "I  want  a  little  lard." 
"Tenas  chickamun,  halo  nika  mamook,"  "Little  money,  no  1 
work."  (Idea:  "The  pay  is  too  small,  I  won't  work  for  that.") 
"Klosh  spose  tenas  piah,"  "Good  if  little  fire."  (Idea:  "A  little 
fire  would  be  good  to  have.")  "Nika  kowmux  iskum  klone  tenas 
bebe,"  "My  dog  has  three  little  puppies." 

WANT  — DESIRE  — WISH    FOR. 

TIKA. 

I  as  in  it;  a  as  in  father;  accent  -ti-  and   pronoinue   Tick-ali. 

'Tika"  is  the  word  conveying  the  idea  that  "I  want,"  or 
"wish  for,"  "he  wants,"  "they  want,"  "I  did  want,"  "I  will  want,'[ 
or  any  combination  indicating  present,  past  or  future  "desire" 
on  the  part  of  any  one  or  group,  its  exact  meaning  dependmg 
on  the  words  used  with  it. 

Examples:  "Nika  tika  okeoke,"  "I  want  that."  "Wake 
okeoke  man  tika  okeoke,"  "Not  that  man  wants  that,"  (Liter- 
ally: "That  man  does  not  want  that.")  "Wake  lalie  nika  tika 
okeoke."  (Literally:  "Not  long  I  want  that.")  "I  will  want 
that  before  long." 

'Tika"  covers  the  whole  idea  of  "desire"  or  "want"  as  un- 
derstood in  English  and  should  be  used  as  "T  want,"  "desire." 
"wish  for,"  etc.,  are  used  in  English. 


m   i. 


96 


THE  CHINOOK  BOOK 


THINK  — THE      MIND  — HEART  — INTELLECT  — SPIR- 
IT -  THOUGHT  —  MEMORY  —  KNOW  —  THE      ENTIRE 
MENTAL  PROCESS. 

TUMTUM. 

U  as  in  sum  in  both  syllables;  accent  first  syllable  -turn-  and 
pronounce    Tnm-tum. 

"Tumtum"  is  the  Chinook  word-symbol  for  the  whole 
mental  process  "the  mind."  "thinkinj?."  etc..  and  it  also  covers 
the  heart  m  the  sense  of  the  emotions  of  "jrood  will  "  "hate  " 
"fear"  "Rrief."  "love."  "sorrow,"  "anger."  e?c..  which  are  all 
developed  m  the  sentence  by  use  of  a  prefix  word  coupled 
with  •tumtum."  thus:  "Klosh  nika  tumtum  copo  mika."  "Good- 
my-heart-is  toward  you"— "I  think  well  of  you"— "I  esteem 
^°"  JN  »^^-  /T  !'*''*"  .Vr'^^  tumtum,"  "I  am  sick-in-my-heart  (or 
mind).  (Idea:  I  grieve  (or  feel-sorry)  for  you.")  In 
ordinary  conversation  it  is  used  in  one  meaning  as  much  as 
in  the  other  and  in  some  instances  it  conveys  a  double  mean- 
ing of  hcart-and-mind  as  in  the  case  (above)  of  grief  expres- 
sion. Use  It  to  cover  the  description  of  anything  connected 
-.vith  the  mind  or  mental-process  or  with  the-heart-in-a-mental- 
scnse  and  it  will  be  correct. 

Examples:  "Tumtum  nika  klatawa,"  "(I)  think  I  (will)  go." 
Halo  mika  klosh  tumtum,"  "No  you  good-think"  or  "Your 
hear  is-not-right  (toward  us)."  "Nika  tumtum  copo  illahee." 
?^-  .''."'•^'"'-""-♦lie-f^'-^""^"  ^Tdea:  "I  am  plunged  in 
despair.  )  "Icta  mika  tumtum?"  "What  do  you  think?"  "Wake 
klosh  tumtum  nika,"  "No  good-think  me."  (I  do  not  think- 
well-of-it.)  "Halo  comtox,  tumtum  cultas,"  "(I)  do  not  know 
u  A'.V  «lir"u/'*  ,",^  ^^'^"  (Literally:  "No  understand,  think- 
bad.  )  Yahka  klootchman  sick  tumtum  copo  man."  "That 
woman  mourns-in-her-heart-for  her  man."  "Mamook  mahsh 
copo  tumtum,"  "Get  it  ont-of-your-mind."  (Literally:  "Make 
throw-away-from  (you)  think  (what-you-think).")  "Kwone- 
sum  kahkwa  nika  tumtum,"  "I  think-the-same  as  you  do" 
;  \  ?*?.'■*;?,  ^^ItJ].  yo"  ")  (Literally:  "Always-the-same-as  (you) 
T  think.  )  "Klosh  tumtum  man,"  "A  thinker— a  man  with  a 
rnind.  Delate  heehee-tumtum  mesika  mamook,"  "A  joyful 
time  we  will  have."  (Literally:  "Great  fun-in-mind  we  (will) 
make-do.  ) 


CHIEF  — THE  HEAD  MAN  — LEADER. 
TYEE. 

Y  has  the   sound   of  i   as  in   high   ee   as   in   meet;   accent   -ty- 
and  pronounce  Tie-ee. 

'Tyee"  is  Chinook  for  "the-leader'"  or  "chief-man"  but  is 


THa  CHINOOK   BOOK 


"  "I   want   to 
nanage  moo«- 


used  in  any  case  where  a  "head-man,"  "leader-of,"  "foreman," 
"boss,"  etc.  is  meant.  The  word  "chief"  in  English  can  be 
made  to  mean  almost  anything  that  "tyec"  will  cover  in  Ch»- 
nook  and  it  would  have  to  be  qualified  the  same  way  to  bring 
out  the  meaning  as  "the  chief-man,"  the  "chief-horse,"  etc 
"Tyee"  is  handled  in  Chinook  in  like  manner  to  mean  the 
same. 

Examples:  "Nika  tika  nanage  cope  type*,' 
see  the  head-man  (boss,  foreman,  etc.).  "Nika 
moot  tf,"  "I  saw  the  leader-of  the  elk  (herd)."  ~^Ok«ok« 
tyee  cau^aan,"  "That  (is  a)  chief-gun."  (Idea:  '*That  gun  i» 
so  big  (or  so  good)  that  it  is  a  chief-gun — a  leader-among- 
guns — the  best-one.")  "Tyee  copo  konaway  man,"  "The  !ead- 
er-of  (or  chief-over)  all  men"  (meaning  a  President,  King, 
etc.). 

SIX. 

TOKUM. 

O    as    in    oak;    u    as    in    hum;    accent    -tok-    and    pronounce 
Tohk-um  with  slight  h  sound  as  indicated  in  first  syllable. 

"Tokum**  means  the  numeral  "six"  and  nothing  else,  and 
is  used  as  six  is  used  in  English.  (See  "Counting  in  Chinook" 
for  use  in  making  higher  numbers.) 


II 


i| 


TEN. 
TATLUM. 

A  as  in  hat;  u  as  in  hum;  accent  -tat-  and  pronounce  Tat-lum. 
"Tatlum"  is   Chinook   for   the   numeral  "ten"  and   has  no- 
other  meaning.     (See  "Counting  in  Chinook"  for  use  in  con- 
nection with  other  numbers.) 

COYOTE. 
TALAPUS. 

A  as  in  hat;  a  as  in  father;  u  as  in  puss;  accent  -tat-  and  pro- 
nounce Tal-a-puss. 

Means  "coyote  or  "little-wolf-of-the-prairte."  It  aUo 
means  "sneaking,"  "wolf-like,"  etc.,  mostly,  however,  it  ia  used 
as  the  name  of  this  particular  animal  and  is  used  very  tittle 
west  of  the  Cascade  Mountains. 

Examples:  "Nika  nanage  mox  talapoa,"  "I  saw  two  coy- 
otes." "Tahka  man  delate  talaput,"  ''That  man  (he)  b  a 
sneak."     (He  is  wolf-like — will  bear  watching — unreliable,  etc.> 


1     ! 


1 


% 


THB  CHINOOK  BOOK 


BUCKET  — BARREL. 
TAHMOLIT8H. 
A  a*  in  father;  o  as  in  oat;  i  as  in  hit;  accent  -mo-  and  pro- 
nounce Tah-mow-litsch. 

This  word  is  used  to  mean  a  "barrel,"  "woodtn  bucket,"' 
•'r..k"*W'  "wooden  tub"  or  any  similar  object.  It  is  not 
i„"*vl'ry  coSmon  use  any  more  however,  the  English  name, 
of  each  object  above  being  used  m  place  of  it.  «n<>icates  it 
will  "on  bi  obsolete.    Use  same  as  English  name-word  would 

*>e  "••<*•  ...^^  '  " 

DANCE. 

TANZE. 

The  English  word  "Dance"  in  Indian  patois. 

Has  no  meaning  other  than  the  idea  wvcred  by  "dance" 
in  English.    Use  same  as  English    dance. 

Examples:  "Chaco  copo  nika  tmnae."  "Come  to  ng 
dance"  '*K«h  okeok*  tanae?"  "Where  "the,  dance?  Nl» 
n^age  itawSt  mamook  t«iie."  "I  saw  a  black  bear  dancmg. 
(The  black  bear  has  a  habit  of  standing  on  his  hind  feet  and 
•tepping  sidewise  slowly  with  a  swaying  moMO"  f  *»«»  »"  nv^' 
in  the  woods.  This  is  probably  dorie  to  enable  him  to  see  over 
the  bushes,  etc.  The  movement  is  .considerably  «»c^  J  «/oj 
Indian  dance— hence  the  above  use  of  t«n>  (1  saw  a  DiacK 
bear  making-dance.") 

MILK. 

TATOOSH. 
A  as  in  hat;  oo  as  in  coo;  accent  -tat  and  pronounce  Tat- 
too-sch.  „ 

This  word  more  properly  nieans  "The  breasts-o -a-woman 
or  "Round-like-a-woman's-brcast,"  In  actual  use  in  Chinook 
the  above  is  the  primary  meaning,  but  like  many  other  UU- 
nook  words  it  has  been  "stretched;'  to  cover  associate-ideas 
connected  with  the  original  or  primary  ^^f ^W.  ,V".J*l.iLr'!J 
«Tatoo8h"  means  "breasts"  (m  above  sense)  'mi\k,  udder, 
"bosom."  "teat."  etc.;  in.  short  the  whole  idea  o*  the  fema  e 
food-supply-for-the-offspring.  It  is  used  in^  speaking  of  cattle 
or  other  animals  more  than  any  way  in  the  above  meanings, 
though  it  is  also  used  in  connection  with  mother  and  Dane. 
Example -.:  "Halo  yahka  moosmoos  mamook  muckamuck 
copo  beebee-iakum  sick  tatooah,"  "No  she  (that)  c»w  make 
food  for  baby-get  sick  udder."  (Idea:  "That  cow  does  not 
nurse  her  calf  because  her  udder  is  sore.  ) 


1 


THB  CHINOOK  BOOK 


BELL. 


TINTIN. 

Pronounce  Tin-tin.  »  ■    .»  »:^«  «# 

This  word  means  "bell*  and  is  an  example  of  "n»j»t»?n,°f 
,ound  beinrmSie  into  .a  word,  to  ™"«  t^*  ?°"":?ji.M! 
♦hinff  that  makes  it.  It  is  sometimes  used  to  mean  hour  in 
!5l  *.en.e  of  the  clock-bell-rings-on-the-hour,  therefore,  "let 
Sktin."  .  "one  hou?'  (from  an?  given  starting  pomt  a,  noon 
rStkum-itin).  etc.).    The  word  is  now  almost  obtolete. 

WHITE. 

T'KOPE 
O   as  in  oat;  accent  -kope-  and   pronounce   T-kopewitK  the 
"T"  -ound  Shan,.  .hc.rt  -d  <l«Unc^^  To  make  «  try.^tje 

irjou'  «n.^'T""first^'K"  following,  then  add  "ope'^  a.  in 

ThVword  means  "white"  .and  is  used  to  designate  'W^ 
white"  or^  any  color  near-white    as    "gray,"    "light    ye"0». 
Ttc     MMtlJ  5  is  used  to  mean  "white*^  as  agamst  »ny  other 
color.  hSiever.  and  it  is  a  qualifying  word  for  fixing  the  color 
of  an  object  in   its  usual  use.  .    ,  .,      \ » 

Examples:  'Tlcope  cUclumun.-  "White  metal  (..Iverjr 
"Okeoke  Vkope  houieV*  "That  is  a  white  house.  TTiop. 
pent  delate  kloih,"  "White  paint  is  very  good. 


TOMORROW. 


TOMOLLAH. 

Corruption   of  the   English   "t^'"?."'*''"  !?*^J;  ^1?" 
to  mean  same  as  "tomorrow"  in  English.     Use  same  way. 

BRIGHT.- SHINING. 

TWAQH. 
A   as  in   father:   pronounce   Twah-guh.     (This  is   as   near   a. 

.^'ri-^mer  "  ur-' r  "U Z'  ''bright  li«ht."  "slnn- 
5ne"^uSring/'  etc.  It  is  little  used,  however,  and  wou  d 
be  undfrstoid  by  few  Chinook. speakers  .of  today  It  should 
be  preserved  in  the  above  meanings  as  it  is  good  Chmook. 

Examoles-  '-Yowah  deUte  twagh."  "There  is  a  fine,  bright 
star"  '^oaton  miTSwnook  tw«|;h  copo  now  copo  poJaBe- 
Kee  c5»o  talt-chuck,"  "(The)  white  man  (has)  built  (a)  light 
oTfthe)  point  of  (the)  sandspit  (that  runs)  into  (the)  Mlt- 
water." 


■q 


100 


THE    CHINOOK   BOOK 


SWEET. 
T'SEE. 

Little    used    now.       "Kahkwa  ■ulnrah," 

(likVlugar)  is  more  apt  to  be  used  now.  'T'see"  should  be 
preserved  in  its  present  meaning,  however,  as  it  js  good  C.hi- 
nook. 


Means    "sweet. 


TO  MISS  — MISTAKE. 
T'SEEPEE. 

T's  as  a  hissing  sound;  ee  as  in  sleep;  accent  -t'see-  and  pro- 
nounce Tse-e-pee. 

"T'seepee"  means  "mistake"  primarily  but  it  is  used  as  a 
qualifying  word  to  mean  "error,"  "blunder."  "deceit,  etc. 
Examples:  "T'seepee  illahee,"  "False  point"  (meaning  a 
point  of  land  that  looks  like  another  one  that  serves  as  a 
euide— a  false  landmark).  "John  mamook  poo  copo  mowitch 
pc  t'seepee  p«  halo  iskum,"  "John  shot  at  a  deer  but  missed 
and  no  get  (it)." 

The  word  is  verv  little  used  novr  and  is  scarcely  ever 
heard  in  the  Puget  Sound  country.  There  is  no  good  reason 
why  it  should  not  be  preserved  as  it  is  good  Chinook. 

CRACK  — SPLIT. 
T'SCHUO. 

Pronounce  as  written  with  T's  as  a  hissing  sound. 

Means  "crack"  or  "split"  but  is  so  little  used  as  to  be 
practically  obsolete.     Should  be  preserved. 

Examples:  "Mamook  t'ichug  okeoke  stick,"  "Split  the 
wood."  ''Delate  solleks  yahka  tahmahnawis  mamook  lUahee 
delate  t'schug  pe  lamount'n  delate  pkh,"  "Very  angry  him  (the) 
Tahmahnawis,  (they)  make  (the)  earth  very  much  crack  open 
and  (the)  mountains  very  much  burn." 


ONE   HUNDRED. 

TUKAMONOCK. 

U  as  in  up;  o  as  in  more;  o  as  in  knock;  accent  -mo-  and  pro- 
nounce Tuck-a-moh-nock. 

Means  "One  hundred"  (numeral).     (For  uses  see  "Count- 
ing in   Chinook.") 


THE   CHINOOK   BOOK 


101 


NEEDLE. 
TUPSHIN. 

:  o=  in   ekin-  accent  -tup-  and   pronounce  Tupp- 
U  as  m  up;  i  as  in  sKin,  acccm     lu^/ 

Scans  a  "needle."     Use  same  as  English  "needle."     Little 
ttioshin?"  "Where  (is)  my  needle? 


HAIR. 


TIPSO. 

T  »,  in  hit-  o  as  in  oat;  accent  -tip-  and  pronounce  Tip-soh. 
'  "C'r  prim^iily  "hair"  but  is  f  ^^^le  enou«h^U,cov^^^^ 

"grass"  or  any  hke  P^^"*.  '^.!yj,^th  jiaiP  (See  tipso).  Any 
prefix  word,  converted  '"t°  .  "'J^i't-L  is  'Hipso"  and  nearly 
fend  of  fur  or  hair  o^/^y^^^^Sfed  o  fix  he  kind  or  color. of 
always  some  prefix  word  »s  "/.^^  /°.  ",?  ^^cn  some  following 

(the)  beaver  fur  (it)  will  be  very  good. 

SPOTTED  — MIXED   COLORS. 

T'ZUM. 

T   sounds   t-s-s-s;   u   as   in  up;    accent    -.um-   and    pronounce 

enlaH?r«:/='o^r  b^;:;.|\l",  ag;r.%^Hni! 

"Very   great   many   little-spotted-fish    (trout).         "«?.;?  ^^. 
wawa  copo  fzum  stick."  "That  man  talks   with  a  stick  that 
makes-marks  (pencil,  pen  or  brush). 


1^ 

tir,       ■  t 


102 


THE  CHINOOK   BOOK 


GRUNTED  "UGH!" 

UGH. 

Many  wordless  expressions  of  thought  are  used  by  In- 
dians to  express  definite  ideas  that  are  as  well  understood  as 
words.  The  grunted  "Uh"  or  "Ugh"  is  used  in  Chinook  by 
many  Indians  and  has  various  meanings  the  same  as  anything 
else  spoken.  To  use  this  "grunt"  intelligently  one  must  know 
the  way  to  give  its  meaning  by  inflection,  thus: 

"UGH" — Just    short,   and    with    level    tone   means    that    "I 
agree  with  you,"  "yes,"  "all  right,"  etc. 

"UGH" — Prolonged,   with   upward   inflection,   means   won- 
der, "Is  that  so?"   "Can  it  be!"  etc. 

"UGH" — Prolonged,  with  downward  inflection,  but  spoken 
softly,   means   "pity,"    "sympathy,"    "helplessness,''   etc. 

"UGH" — Explosive,    short,    sharp    and    rather    loud    means 
protest,   "No,   no!"    "Do   not!"   etc. 

The  Chinook  student  should  master  all  the  various  tonal 
meanings  of  "Ugh"  and  also  the  full  meanings  and  tones  of 
"A-a-a-h!"  " A-a-a-a-nah !"  and  "A-a-a-e!"  for  the  Indians  use 
these  "grunts"  a  great  deal  and  convey  a  lot  of  ideas  by  their 
uses.     (See  above  three  words  under  "A.") 


NONE  — NOT. 
WAKE. 

A  as  in  skate;  e  almost  silent;  pronounce  same  as  English. 

"Wake"  in  Chinook  is,  in  a  way,  interchangeable  with 
"Halo"  and  means  "not,"  "none"  or  "no."  It  is,  however,  not 
so  positive  in  negative  power  as  "No"  in  a  usual  sense,  though 
it  can  be  if  necessary.  In  ordinary  conversation  it  is  used 
more  to  mean  "not"  than  in  any  other  sense,  and  "Halo"  is 
used   to  mean   positive  "NO." 

Examples:  "Wake  mika  tika  okeoke,"  "Not  I  wish-for 
that."  "Wake  hiyu,"  "Not  many."  "Wake  siah."  "Not  far." 
"Wake  nika  tumtum,"  "1  think  not."  "Wake  klosh  okeoke," 
"That  is  not  good."  "Wake  mesika  mamook,"  "We  will  not 
do  that."  "Klosh  kahkwa — ^wake  mahsh,"  "It  is  good — let  it 
alone."  (Literally:  Good  like-that,  not  (you)  throw-away 
(it).)  (Idea:  "It  is  good,  do  not  disturb  it.")  "Wake  nika 
nanage,"  "I  did  not  see  (it)."  "Wake  lalie  nesika  chaco,'* 
"We  will  come  before  long."  (Literally:  "Not-long  wt 
come.") 


THE   CHINOOK  BOOK 


103 


TAT  K- SPEECH -TO     TALK -VOCAL     UTTERANCE 
OF  ANY   KIND   BY   ANY    ONE   AT   ANY   TIME. 

WAWA. 

A  as  in  father  (both  syllables);  accent  first  syllable;  Pronounce 
Wah  wah  with  slight  h  sound  at  end  of  each  syllable 
"Wawa"  is  the  Chinook  speech-symbol  and  rneans     talK" 

?ome   other   particular   meaning   concernmg   the     talk     spok 

'"  ^Examples-  "Klosh  wawa."  "Good  talk"  (well  spoken) 
"ComtoJ^Sook  wawar  "(Do  you)  understand  Chmook  talk? 
"&STawI^"Do^rtalk'>  (a  U    ':Mika  wawa  copo  Chjm •• 

^l  yo^talk"  ™Nika  mamook  fzum  ?«!«?. ^^Ig^^^JJ 
make  paper-talk"  (you  write  it  down  on  paper)  Halo  nika 
corntol  mika  wawa,"  "No  I  understand  your  talk. 

POT.^TO. 
WAPATO. 

A  as  in  swap;  a  as  in  fate;  o  as  in  oat;  accent  -wap-  and  pro- 
nounce Wap-pay-toh. 

Oriirinallv  this  word  was  the  name  of  the  root  of  the 
nl=,n?now  Sled  "Wapato"  by  the  whites  (SagitJtana  Sagitti- 
&  wh^ch  was  used  as  a  food  by  the  Indians.  Smce  the 
whUe  Tet  fement  of  the  country  the  meaning  has  changed  to 
Tover    the    potato    or    any    other    Potato-hke    bulb    (such    »« 

'^'"^t  ±^  "wapTo°?s  S  (fhougrthe  ^wtTsoin1ls"mote 
"w'au"gh  pay  toh^'Tith  L'ccent  on  first^yllable)  alone  nowadays, 
and  whe^n  the  real  "wapato"  is  meant  it  is  f"ed  f^awash- 
waoato"  to  distinguish  it  from  common  potato.  P»s  "se  is 
making  the  original  meaning  obsolete  and  it  will  be  lost  be- 
Kre  lo^ng  and  probably  the  word  itsel  will  change  to  Vaugh- 
pay-toh'^  unless  the  original  meaning  is  preserved  as  it  should 
be. 

WARM. 

WAUM. 

Corruption   of   English   "warm"   pronounced   in    Indian   patois^ 

Means   same    as   English    "warm "     D/f„",  ?/     ''.fi^^n,'?. 
fixed  by   using   other   words   as   prefix    or   to   follow     waum. 
Examples       "Waum."    "Warm."      "Hyas    waum."    "Quite 


194 


THE   CHINOOK    BOOK 


warm."  "Delate  waum,"  "Very  warm."  "Hiyu  delate  waum." 
"Hot."  Halo  waum,"  "No-warm."  "Tenas  waum,"  "A  little 
warm"  "Klosh  sun,  hiyu  waum."  "A  nice  warm  day." 
"Hi-i-i-i-yu  dela-a-a-a-te  waum,  kahkwa  piah,"  "A  very-great- 
deal-hot-like-fire!" 

AGAIN  — OVER  AGAIN. 
WEGHT. 

E  as  in  get;  pronounce  as  written. 

Means  "again,"  "repeated,"  etc.  Very  little  used  any 
more.     Nearly  obsolete. 

WIND. 

WIND. 

Same  as  English;  means  same;  used  same.  Also  used  to 
mean  same  as  English  "breath,"  or  "breathe"  when  used  thus: 
"Halo  wind,"  "I  am  out  of  wind"  (no  breath  left);  "I  am 
short-winded"  (hard  to  breathe),  etc. 

A  TALE. 
YIEM. 

Pronounce  almost  lem. 

Means  a  story  or  tale.  So  very  little  used  nowadays  as 
to  be  practically  obsolete,  though  it  should  be  preserved  as  it 
is  good  Chinook. 

HE  — HIM  — HER  — IT  — HIS.      (THE    THIRD    PERSON 

SINGULAR.) 

YAHKA. 

A  as  in  father  in   both   syllables;   accent  -yah-  and  pronounce 
Yah-kah.     (The  "a"  in  this  word  has  near  the  broad  "a" 
of  YAW  but  not  quite — about  halfway  between  YAH  and 
YAW   is    about   as    near   as    it    can    be    placed    in    English, 
thouprh  YAH  will  be  understood  easily.) 
"Yahka"    is    usually    used    in    Chinook    to    mean    "he"    or 
"him"  or  "his"  in   the   same   sense   as   English,   but  it   is   fre- 
quently used    also   in    the    Indian    sense    of    sentence    construc- 
tion   which    places    the    subject    and    then    says    "it"    is    so   and 
so,    thus:      "Okeoke    canim,    yahka    iskum    sail."      (Literally: 
"That  canoe,  it  has  a   sail.     In   this   case  "yahka"  means  "it" 
(that    canoe).      "Okeoke   man   yahka   pelton,"   "That    man,    he 
(is)   crazy,"  is  another  instance  of  the  same   construction,  and 
this  method  is  commonly  used  in   all  Indian   languages.     More 
often,   however,   "yahka"   means    "he."   "him."   "her,"    or    "his" 
("belongs-to-him")   and  is  used  in  conversation  very  frequent- 


THE   CHINOOK   BOOK 


Its 


ly   to   cover  all   of   these    meanings    in    the    usual    elastic   way 
that  all  Chinook  words  are  used  more  or  less. 

Examoles-  "Yahka  man,"  "Him"  (that-man  in  parttcular). 
"M«ik^  cS  copo  yahka  canim,"  "We  came  in  hmi  (that) 
c!lo?^  Delate  iSosHSka  "uckamuck," ,  "Very  good  h.m 
(that)  food."  "Yahka  wawa  copo  nika."  ««  »  'c;h^  rthat 
"sDoke-to-me."  "Yahka  klootchman  copo  nika.  She  (that 
wSman)  is  my  wife."  "Klosh  spose  ya^  man  wawa  jChmi. 
^Good/if  he  (that  man)  tells  (or  wiU  teU)  Jim  "Yahka 
delate  klosh  man;  yahka  skeokum  mamook,  He  (is  a)  very 
good  man;  he  (is  a)  strong  worker. 

HERE  OR  THERE. 
YOWAH. 
Ow  together  as  in  how;  a  as  in  father ;accent  -yow-  and  pro- 
nounce Yow-wah.  ,        ,.  «*!,-,«  »• 
"Yowah"    means    either    "here,"    "this    place,     or      there, 
"fh.t  r^7^"     The  meaning  is  brought  out  by  nod  or  gesture 

"here    by    me")    "You    come    here.  Mika    klatawa    yowan 


yowah,"  "Over  him  (.tne  mouniam;  wc  "" ,  sy,^'":  "  «nn  vou 

....    iNuic.  ,,-„ai   wnrd  is  "vowah     for  either     here 

not  common.     The  usual  wora  is     X^waii  •    jj.-te  which 

or  "there"  and  the  gesture  is  used  with  it  to  indicate  wnicn 

place  is  meant. 

STOMACH. 

YAKWAHTIN. 

A  as  in  father,  both  syllables;  i  as  in  tin;  accent  -kwah-  and 
pronounce  Yah-kwah-tin. 
Means    "stomach."    "belly"    or    "intestines,"    dependmg    on 

"''■  Examples:  "Tenas  "an  yahka  iskum  sick  copo  yakwal^^ 
tin,"  "This  little  boy  he  get  sick  mside  (bellyache).^  '"f?^  the 
mahsh  vakwahtin  copo  mowitch  pe  lolo  itlwillie.  Take  tne 
"n*rails  mlTof  the  de°r  and  bring  the  meat."  (Not  very  much 
used  any  more.) 


u 


Jjl 


COUNTING  IN  CHINOOK 


The  numbers  from  one  to  ten  are: 

One-half— Sitkum. 

One— let.    ("Tilikums  of  Elttaes"  spelling  Ihkt) 

Two— Mox.    ("Tilikums  of  Elttaes"  spelling  Mozt) 

Three— Klone. 

Four — Lokut. 

Five — Kwinum. 

Six— Tokum. 

Seven — Sinamox. 

Eight— Stotekin. 

Nine — Kwaist. 

Ten— Tatlum. 

From  ten  to  twenty  the  numbers  are  made  by  using  ten 
as  start  and  adding  the  necessary  number  to  make  the  total 
wanted,  thus:  "Tatlum-pe-ict,"  "Ten-and-one"  (Eleven).  "Tat- 
lum-pe-stotekin,"  "Ten-and-eight"  (Eighteen).  "Tatlum-pe- 
kwinum,"  "Ten-and-five"  (Fifteen),  and  so  on,  using  any  need- 
ed combinatioii. 

Above  nineteen  a  multiple  of  ten  is  used,  thus:  "Mox- 
tatlum,"  "Two-tens"  (Twenty).  "Klone-tatlum,"  "Three-tens" 
is  "thirty";  "four-tens,"  "forty,"  etc.  The  units  of  any  num- 
ber above  nineteen  are  indicated  thus:  "Mox-tatlum  pe  lokut, 
"Two-tens  and  four"  (Twenty-four).  "Kwinum-tatlum  pe 
klone,"  "Five-tens  and  three"  (Fifty-three),  and  so  on  up  to 
"Tatlum-tatlum,"  "Ten-tens"   (One  hundred). 

One  hundred  is  also  called  "Tukamonuk,"  but  not  often. 
"Tatlum-tukamonuk"   is   "Ten-hundreds"    (One   thousand). 

It  is  not  often  that  numjers  running  very  high  are  used 
in  Chinook.  In  ordinary  use  the  numbers  up  to  twenty^^are 
frequently  used  and  above  that  only  seldom.  When  'one 
hundred"  is  reached  the  idea  becomes  "very  many"  in  the  In- 
dian mind  and  is  apt  to  be  expressed  as  "hxya"  while  "Hiyu- 
delate"  is  apt  to  cover  numbers  beyond  one  hundred,  meamng 
"a-very-great-many." 


LIST  OF  FEWEST  WORDS  NEEDED  TO 
CARRY  ON  ORDINARY  CONVER- 
SATION IN  CHINOOK 


Thorough  understanding  of  the  following  list  of  wordi, 
with  their  manifold  meanings,  will  enable  anyone  to  carry 
on  an  ordinary  conversation  in  Chinook.  The  words  used  in 
one  locality  only  and  the  seldom-used  words  are  omitted,  and 
only,  the  words  in  common,  or  general  use,  are  included  here. 

For  full  and  complete  meaning  of  each  of  these  words  and 
complete  list  of  words  that  are  little  used,  see  Part  One. 


Ahncuttie — Time  past. 

Alta — Now. 

Alki — Time   to   come. 

A-a-a-hl — Exclamation    con- 
fiming  a  statement. 

A-a-a-nahl — Almost   same   as 
a-a-a-h. 

A-a-a-a-el — Wonder,    sym- 
pathy, etc. 

Ats — Sister. 

Boston — White   man. 

Bebe— Baby. 

Canim — Boat. 

Capo — Coat. 

Copo — With,  at,  in,  out,  etc. 

Chaco — Come. 

Chickamun — Metal    of    any 
kind. 

Chick-chick— Wheel. 

Chuck — Water. 

Cultas— Bad. 

Calipeen — Gun. 

Calitan — Shot,  cartridge,  ar- 
row. 

Chee— New. 

Comtox — Understand. 

Chetwoot — Brown  bear. 

Cole— Cold. 

Chinoos — Tobacco. 

Cooley — Run,  race. 

Cosho— Pig. 

Delate— Very. 

Diaub — Devil. 


Dly— Dry. 
Doctin — Physician. 
Dollah — Dollar   (Money). 
Ena — Beaver. 
Esick— Paddle. 
Elip — Before,  in  front. 
Enati — Across. 
Enapooh— Mu  skr  at. 
Gleece — Grease,  fat. 
Huloime— Different. 
Hyak — Quick,  fast,  hurry. 
Halo— No. 
Hahlakl — Open. 
Haul— Pull,  drag. 
Heehee — Joy. 
Hoolhool — Mouse. 
House — House. 
Humm — Stink. 
Hyas — Big. 
Hiyu — Plenty, 
let— One. 
Icta— What. 
Ictas — Things. 
Itlwillie — Flesh,    meat. 
Itswoot — Black   bear. 
lUahee — Land. 
Iskum — Get. 
Kah— Where. 
Kekwillie — Down. 
Kahpo — Older  brother. 
KuUakuUa— Bird. 
Kowmux — Dog. 
Kapswallie — Steal. 


IM 


THE   CHINOOK   BOOK 


Kaupee— Coflfee. 

Keelapi — Up-side-down. 

Kuitan — Horse. 

Klale — Black,  dark  blue. 

Klap — Find. 

Kliskwis— Mat   made   of 

rushesl 
Klone— Three. 
Kow — Tie,   fasten. 
KuU— Hard,   solid. 
Kwahtah— Quarter. 
Kwaist — Nine. 
Kwan — Glad. 
Kwass — Afraid. 
Kwinum — Five. 
Kwolan — Hear. 
Klaska— They,    them. 
Klaxtah— Who,   which. 
Kahtah— How,  why. 
Kahkwa — Like. 

Kimtah — Behind. 
Klah — Clear  of,  clear. 

Klahowya— How  are   you? 

Klatawa — Go. 

Klone— Three. 

Klonas — Perhaps,   if. 

Kly— Cry. 

Klosh— Good. 

Klootchman — Woman. 

Kokshut— All  broken  up. 

Konaway — All. 

Kunamox — Both. 

Konce — When,  how  much, 
how  many? 

Kwonesum — Always. 

Lamount'n — M  oun  tain . 

Lalie — Short   time. 

Lamessin — Medicine,    drugs. 

Lapeep — Pipe. 

Lokut — Four. 

L'ahb— Killikinick. 

Lahash — .^xe. 

Lagoom — Pitch . 

Lacasset — Trunk,    box. 

Lope — Rope,   string. 

Liplip — To  boil. 

Lesack — Bag,   pocket. 

Lepool— Grouse,    chicken 

Lamah — Hand,   arm. 

Latait — Head. 


Lapote — Door. 
Laplaah — Board,   lumber. 
Lcpee — Foot. 
Lolo — Carry. 

Mahkook— Trade,   buy,   sell. 
Mesahche— Vile,   rotten. 
Mitlite — Live,  stay. 
Muckamuck— Eat,  food. 
Mika— You,  your. 
Mesika— Yours,  you— to- 
gether. 
Memaloose — Dead,  de- 
stroyed. 
Mamook— To  do,  act,  move. 
Mahsh— Throw  away. 
Mama — Mother. 
Mox — Two. 
Moon — Moon. 
Moosmoos— Cattle  or  elk. 
Moosum — Sleep. 
Mowitch — Deer. 
Man— Man   or  male   sex. 
Nah— Hello. 

Nanage— See,  seen.  Will  see. 
Nem — Name. 

Nika — I,  me,  my  or  mine. 
Nesika— We,  us,  our. 

Nowitka — Yes. 

OUalie— Berry. 

Okeoke— That    or   this. 

Oleman — Old. 

Oiehut — Road. 

Olo — Hungry. 

Opoots — Rear,   stern,  tail. 

Ow — Brother. 

Pe— .A.nd,  but,  than,  or,  etc. 

Pelton — Crazy. 

Piah — Fire. 

Polikely— Night. 

Polalie — Powder,    sand. 

Potlatch — Give  away. 

Pahtlum — Drunk. 

Pent— Paint. 

Papa — Father. 

Pahseesee — Blanket. 

Pepah — Paper. 

Pil— Red. 

Poo — Shoot. 

Pukkuk — Fight. 

Pusspuss — Cougar,    cat 


THE  CHINOOK  BOOK 


lf9 


Sail— Cloth,  woven  goods. 
Sapolil— Flour,  meal. 
S«cowUt— Eyes,  face. 
8oBik»— Mad,   temper. 
SpOM — If. 

^ab— Far,  long  distance. 
Satkum — One-half. 
Skookom — Str  on  g. 
Stone— Stone,  stone-like. 
Sahal*— Up,  up  above. 
Salmoii — ^Imon. 
Salt— Salt 
SdMppo— Hat. 
Sbem    Shame. 
Sukwah-  Sugar. 
Sick— Sick. 
Sinamoai — Seven. 
Siawaih — Indian   of  the 

CoMt 
Skin— Skin. 
Snaaa — Rain. 
StoteUn— Eight. 
Sun — Sun  or  day. 
Stick— Tree,  timber. 
Tahmahnawia— Magic. 
THaciun — Friend. 
Till— Tired,  heavy. 


Tenaa — Little. 

Tika— Want. 

Tumtum — H  ear  t. 

Tyae— Chief,  head  man. 

Tokom — Six. 

Tatlnm— Ten. 

Talapus — Coyote. 

Tanze — Dance. 

Tatoosh— Milk,  breast. 

T'kope— White. 

Tomollah— Tomorrow. 

Twagh— Bright. 

T'see— Sweet. 

Tschug— Crack,  split. 

Tuckamonuck — One  hundred. 

Tupshin — Needle. 

Tipso — Hair. 

T'zum — Mixed  colors. 

Ugh — Grunted   exclamation 

of  surprise,  etc. 
Wake — None,  not. 
Wawa— Talk. 
Wapato — Potato. 
Waum — Warm. 
Wind— Wind. 
Yahka— He,  him,  her. 
Yowah— Here  or  there. 


<  i 


WORDS   IN   COMMON   USE  IN 
CIATED  GROUPS 


ASSO- 


NOTE.— "Wake"  (not)  and  "Halo"  (no)  are  interchangeable 
in  Chinook  and  are  given  below  to  mean  "not"  or  "no" 
as  they  are  commonly  used  in  ordinary  converaation;  note 
that  sometimes  one  is  used  and  sometimes  the  other  with- 
out apparent  reason.  This  is  because  they  are  usually 
used  m  conversation  just  as  they  are  here,  though  either 
"Wake"  or  "Halo"  could  be  used  in  any  case  for  either 
"not"    or    "no"    and    the    listener    would    understand    the 


V 

^ 

c 

I 

1 
\ 

1 


meanmg. 


How 
Why 


Kahta. 


When — Konce. 

Where— Kah. 

Who— Klaxtah. 

What— Icta. 

Bie— Hyaa. 

Not  biff— Wake  hyaa. 

Little— Tenas. 

Not  little— Wake  tenaa. 

Very— Delate. 

Not  very— Wake  delate. 

Not  much,  not  many— Wake 

hisni. 
Across — EnatL 
Upside  down — Keelapie. 
Before — Elip. 
Behind — Kimtah. 


Over 


Sahale. 


Down    1    Kekwillie 
Under  J    K-ei^""- 

Father — Papa. 
Mother — Mama. 
Brother — Ow. 
Sister — Ats. 
Man — Man. 
Woman — Klootchman. 
Boy — ^Tenaa  man. 


Girl— Tenaa  klootchman. 

Friend— Tilacum. 

No  friend — Halo  tilacum. 


Nika. 


Neaika. 


I 

Me 

My 

Mine 

Our 
Ours 
Us      J 

You 
Your  own 

Yours,  all 
You  together 

Their 


j   Mika. 
[  Mesika. 


They 
Them 

He  "I 
She  \ 
It      J 


Klaska. 


Yahka. 


Hot— Waum. 

Not  hot — Halo  waum. 

Cold— Cole. 

Not    cold — Halo  cole. 

Rain — Snaaa. 

No  rain — Halo  anaaa. 

Snow— Cole-snass. 

No   snow — Halo  cole-anaaa. 

Dry— Dly. 


THB  CHINOOK  BOOK 


m 


Not  dry— W«k«  dly. 

Water— Chuck. 

No  water— Halo  chuck 

Give— Potlatch.  .     ^ 

Not  give— Wake  potUtch. 


Not  tike,  not  want-Halo  tika-Always-Kwoneaum 


If— Spoa*. 

Not  if— Waka  apoaa. 

Like— Kahkwa.  

Not  like— Waka  kahkwa. 
Different- Hulolma. 

Now-Alta. 
Timc-to-come — Aifci. 
Time-past— Ahucuttie. 


Get— lakum.  ,      ,  . 

Not  get-Wake  iakum. 

Throw  away— Mahah. 

Not  throw  away— Halo  maliali 

Carry— Lolo. 

Not  carry— Wake  lolo. 

Speak— Wawa. 

Not  speak— Halo  wawa. 

How  are  you— Klahowya. 

Miserable— Klahowyum. 

Strong— Skookum. 

Not  strong— Wake  akookum. 

Glad— Kwan. 

Not  glad— Wake  kwan. 

Good— Kloah. 

Not  good— Wake  kloah. 

Afraid— Kwaa^ 

Not  afraid— Wake  kwaaa. 

Bad— Culua. 

Not  bad— Wake  cultoa. 

Indifferent— Klonaa  halo. 

Laugh— Heehee. 

Not  laugh— Wake  heehee. 

Drunk— Pahtlum. 

Not  drunk— Wake  pahtlunu 

Sick— S?ck.      ,       .  . 

Not  sick— Wake  aick. 

Crazy— Pelton. 

Not  crazy- Wake  pelton. 

Mad— SoUeka. 

Not  mad— Wake  aoUeka. 

Yes— Nowitka. 
No— Halo. 
Not— Wake. 
Perhaps — Klonaa. 

All— Konaway.   .   .     •• 
Not  all— Wake  konaway. 


Copo. 


Day— Day. 
Night— Polikely. 

Go— KlaUwa. 

Not  go~Wake  klauwa. 

Come— Chaco. 

Not  come— Wake  chaco. 

Stay— Mitlite. 

Not  stay— Wake  mttlrte. 

In 

Out 

Through 

Against 

To 

And 

With 

Without 

On 

Speak— Wawa. 

^fot   speak— Halo  wawa. 

See — Nanage. 

Not  see— Wake  nanage. 
Think  or  feel— Tumtum. 

(Note.— Tumtum  also  meana 
mind  or  heart.) 

Not  feel— Wake  tumtum. 

Hear— Kwolwi. 

Not  hear- Wake  kwolan. 

Taste— Muckamuck. 

Not  taste— Halo  muckamuck. 

Smell— Humm. 

Not  smell— Halo  hunwn. 

Hungry— Olo.  . 

-     Not   hungry— Wake  olo. 

Thirsty— Olochuck. 

Not  thirsty— Wake  olochuck. 

Foot — Lepee. 
Hand— Lemah. 
Hair— Tipao. 


i  f    ; 


112 


THB   CHINOOK   BOOK 


Eyes — Sccowist. 
Name — Nem. 

Live— liittttt. 

Not  live— W«kt  mitlit*. 

Die — Memalooie. 

Not  die— Halo  memalooie. 

Do— Mamook. 

Do  not — Halo  mamook. 

Buy     1 

Sell      }    Mahkook. 
Trade  J 

Not  buy.  sell,  trade — Halo 
mahkook. 

Blue— Klalc. 
Black— Delate  klale. 
White— T'kope. 
Red— Pil. 

Pig — Kotho. 
Horse — Kuitan. 
Cow — Moosmooi. 
Dog — Kowmux. 
Cat — Puupuii. 
Bird— Kullakulla. 

Wagon — Chick-chick. 
Road — Oiehut. 

Grass — Illahee  tipta 
Boat — Canim. 

Far— Siah. 
Near — Yowah. 

Water— Chuck. 
Fire— Piah. 


Hungry — Olo. 

Thirsty— Olochuck. 

Coffee— KanpM. 

Sugar — Sukwah. 

Milk— Tatoosh. 

Butter— Tatooah  glMCt  (or 

lacklea). 
Berries— Ollalie. 

Mutton — Lemoto. 
Beef — Mooimooa. 
Venison— Mowitch. 
Bear — Itawoot. 

Bread— Piah-aapoUL 

Flour— SapoliL 

Rice — Lice. 

Potato— Wapato. 

Beans— Shot  ollalie. 

Eat — Muckamuck. 

Food— lluckamuck. 

Salt— Salt. 

Pepper — ^Waum  Polalic. 

Dishes— Muckamack  ictaa. 

Pipe — Lapeep. 
Tobacco — Chinooa. 
Match — Piah  atick. 

Cloth— Sail. 
Needle— Tipahin. 
Thread— Tenas  lope. 

Paper— Papah. 
Ink— Klale  chuck. 
Pen — T'zum  atick. 
Writing— Wawa  papah. 
Printing— T'zum  papdt 


NUMBERS. 


One-half— Sithum. 
One— let. 
Two— Mos. 
Three — Klone. 
Four — Lokut. 
Five — Kwinum. 


Six — Tokum. 

Seven — Sinamox. 

Eight— Stotekin. 

Nine — Kwaiat 

Ten— Tatlum. 

One  hundred— Tuckamonuk. 


WORDS  OF  LIKE  SOUND  BUT  DIFFER- 
ENT  MEANING 


let— One. 

IcU— What. 
Ictai— Tilings. 

Inapoo — Louse,  flea. 
Bnapooh — Muskrat. 

Solleln— Mad. 
Sokoleka— Pantaloons,  leg- 
gings. 

Kahkwa — Like. 
Kahtah— How,  why. 
Kimtah— Behind. 

Klahowya?— How  are  you? 
Klahowyum— M  i  serable. 

Klaska— They. 
KlaxUh— Who. 

Hiyu — Many. 
Hyak— Quick. 


Nika— I. 
Mika— You. 
Nesika— Us,  we. 
Mesika— Your,  yours. 

Hyaa— Big. 
Tena»  -  Little. 
Klou.       Perhaps. 

AlU— i^ow. 
AlU— By  and  b/e. 

Pelton— Crazy. 
Pahtlum— Drunk. 

EUp — Before. 
Enati — Across. 

Mahsb— Throw  away. 
Mamook — Do. 
Mahkook— Trade. 

Tilacums— Friends. 
Till — Heavy. 
Tika — Want. 


s 


lii  J  .  ■ 


! 


EXAMPLES  OF  ORDINARY  CONVERSA- 
TION IN  CHINOOK  WITH  ENGLISH 
TRANSLATION 

NOTE:— The  "idea"  given  here  is  the  sense  or  idea  of  the  sen- 
tence conveyed  by  the  spoken  words.  Notice  how  Chinook 
condenses  ideas  into  a  few  words  and  conveys  intelligence 
by  inference.  This  is  tiie  graphic  value  of  Chinook  which 
thus  becomes  largely  a  word  symbolism  or  kind  of  a  "verbal 
shorthand"  instead  of  an  ordinary  spoken  language. 

"Klahowya,        six!" 

"How  are  you,  friend!" 

"Klosh        nika." 

"Good  (am)    I." 
(Idea:     1  am  well  ) 


"Kah 

"Where 


mika 

you  (are) 


klatawa?" 

go(ing)?" 


"Nika  klatawa  copo  nika  house.  Chaco?" 

"1         go  to       my     home.     (Will  you)  come?" 

"Nowitka;  nika  tika      nanage  copo  mika  canim." 

"Yes;  I     want   (to)  look  over  your  canoe." 

(Idea:    Yes,  1  wish  to  take  a  look  at  your  canoe.) 

"Klosh    kahkwah;      spose      mahkook— nah?" 

"Good      like  that;     perhaps     buy  (it) —no?" 

(Idea:    That  is  good;  maybe  you  would  like  to  buy  it?) 

"Halo  mahkook;  nika  mamook  chee." 
"No     buy     (it)       I         make       new  (canoe)." 
(Idea:     No,  1  do  not  wish  to  buy;  1  am  making  a  new  one 
myself.) 

"Yowah  nika  canim;      klosh  spose  klosh  nanage.      Okoke 

"There     my  canoe  (is);  good     if      good  look  (you).      That 
delate  skookum  canim." 
very       strong     canoe." 

(Idea:     There  is  my  canoe.     It  would  be  well  for  you  to 
look   it  over  carefully.      It  is  a  very  strong,  well  built  canoe.) 


i 


THE    CHINOOK    BOOK 


115 


"Klosh    kahkwah." 

"Good     like  that."  . 

(Idea:     What   you   say   is   good,   I    -.vill   take  your   advice.) 

"Chaco  copo  house  pe  nanage  nika  klootchman," 
"Come      to      house  and     see       my         wife. 
"Okeoke    nika    klootchman-okeoke    nika    tilacum    Chon 
"This       my  wife        -    this       my      friend       John 

Bance." 

Vance." 

(The  wife)-"Klosh;  chaco    pe    mitUte-wake  lalie  mesika 

"Good,  come  (in>  and  stop  -not     long       we 

muckamuck." 
eat." 
(Invitation  to  dinner.) 

"Halo   mitlite   nika-Nika  klatawa     hyak     pe     klap   mka 

"No        stop      me  -     T  go           quick  and      find     my 

ow.      Mrsika  klatawa  enati  y?hka      chuck    copo  Seattle  pe 

hrother.      We         go       across  h.m  (the)  water     to     Seattle  and 

-"r  T  t; " wi'f^r- ,"',  a.  ci^r  ^^^ 

(Idea-     No    T  cannot  stop,  I  must  go  quickly  and  find  my 
brothe,  then  we  must  go  across  the  -^^er  to  Seattle  and  meet 

my  wif;  who  is  staying  with  my  y"""f  ^i  ^e  ^jeht ) 
must   go  on  to  my  sister-in-law's  home  before  night.) 

"A  a  a-e!      Wake  lalie  mesika.  Chaco      pe 

"Ve^;wel!       Nof  long        you-all-together.       Come      and 

illahee    pe      iskum  olallie  —  nah? 

land       and       get     berries—  do  you  agree. 

(Idea:     Verv  well.     Before  long  all  of  you  come  and  s^a^ 

with\is  for  a  while..    Bring  y"""-  -•^^^,^^"^^o/4T  in  o  the  moun- 
all  go  on  a  berrvmcking  trip  with  the  horses  inu. 
tains,  would  you  like  to  do  this?) 

"A-a-a-e!       Delate  cultas       cooley-        nah?" 

"I  agree!         Very  pleasure-trip    -is  that  it    ^ 

(Idea:    That  would  be  fine!     A  regular  pleasure  tnp,  that  s 
the  idea,  isn't  it?" 


„ 


116 


THE   CHINOOK    BOOK 


TRADE  CONVERSATION. 


i 


"Nika  tika    t'zum  sail." 

"1     want  printed   (or  hrokun-colorcd  cloth,  calico  or  fig- 
ured goods). 

"Nowitka.     Klosh  okeoke?" 

"Yes.  Good     this  (kind)?" 

"Halo;  klale    pe    T'kope." 

"Xo;  black  and  white." 

"Klosh  kahkwa  okeoke?" 

"Good        like        this?" 

"Nowitka — ^konce        chickamun?" 

"Yes      —  how  (much)  money?"     (What  does  it  cost?) 

NOTE: — Ordinarily  "Konce"  means  "When"  but  it  is  always 
used  thus:  "Konce  chickamun?"  to  mean  "How  much 
money?"  It  is  never  used  in  any  other  way  to  mean  "how" 
but  is  always  used  as  above  when  "How  much  money?"  is 
meant.) 

"let  yard,    sitkum  dime." 
"One  yard,       half     dime." 

"Klosh;  tatlum  yard  nika    tika." 

"Good:       ten     yards     I       want." 

"Spose  nika      mahkook    konaway  nika  lacasset  lokut  tatlum 

"If     you      (will)  buy        all         my     baskets    four  tens  ot 

yard  nika  mahkook." 

ynrd(s)   T         buy." 

(Idea;     If  you   will  buy  my  baskets   I   will  buy  forty  yards 
of  (this)  cloth.) 


THE   CHINOOK   BOOK 


117 


WORK  CONVERSATION. 

"Chim,  nika  tika     mahsh  konaway     stick     copo  nika 

"Jim,       I      want     taken    (away)      all         timber  from    my 
illahee.      Konce    chickamun      ict  sun  mika  tika  spose  mamook 
land.   Mow  mucli  money  (per)  one  day  you  want       if        make 

mahsh      konaway    stick  spose  mamook  klosh  copo  piah 

taken  away        all         timber  (and)  if         make      good      for    fire 
copo  lasee    pe   lahash   pe    mamook  haul  copo  kuitan  copo  nika 
with     saw  and     axe      and     make       haul     by     liorse       to      my 

house?" 

house?" 

(Idea:     Jim,  T  want  this  land  of  mine  cleared.     How  much 

do  you  want  per  d;.y  to  clear  away  all  the  timber  and  to  cut  it 

into  stove  wood  for  my  fire   with  saw  and  axe  and  haul  it  to 

my  house?) 

"Ict  dollah  pe  sitkum  ict  sun— klosh  spose  kahkwa." 
"One  dollar  and  one-half  one  day— good  if  like  that. ' 
(Idea:     I   will  do  it  for  a  dollar  and  a  half  a  day  and  be 

satisfied  to  do  it  for  that.) 

INFORMATIONAL  CONVERSATION. 

"Nah      six!      Mika  comtox    kahtah  oiehut  mesika   klatawa 

"O      friend!   You  understand  what     road  we  go 

spose      chaco  copo  Tom  Chones  house?" 
suppose      come     to      Toin  Jones'     house?" 

(Idea:  O  friend!  Do  you  know  what  road  we  take  to 
reach  Tom  Jones'  house?) 

"Nowitka,  klatawa  copo  okeoke  oiehut  tenas  siah  pe   konce 

"Yes,  go  by        this        road    little     far    and    when 

nanage   oiehut   klatawa     copo     sun   mika   klatawa   yowah    pe 

see        road      go(ing)  toward    sun      you        go  there    and 

wake  alki         mika  nanage  house  copo  stick      yowah." 

not  (long)  by  and  by  you       see       house    in    woods  over  there. 

(Idea:  Yes,  go  along  this  road  until  you  see  a  road  going 
East  then  you  go  along  that  road  not  far  (a  little  way)  and 
you  will  see  the  house  over  there  (to  the  right)  m  the  tim- 
ber.) 

NOTE-: It  is  hard  to  write   this  kind  of  conversation  as  the 

gestures  cannot  be  written  and  it  is  the  gestures  used  by 
the  speaker  that  indicate  place,  direction,  etc.,  and  designate 
what  road  that  is  to  be  followed.  The  conversation,  how- 
ever, will  give  a  good  idea  of  the  way  Chinook  is  put  to- 
gether to  convey  ideas. — Author. 


! 


118 


THE    CHINOOK    BOOK 


CHANCE  CONVERSATION. 

"Klahowya!      Halo  mika  nanage  t'solo  kuitan?    let  klale, 

"How  are  you!  No  you  sec  lost  horse?  One  black, 
ict  t'zum  — konaway  mamook  kokshut  mesika  lope  pe  klatawa 
one  spotted—       all  made       broken      tbeir  ropes  and       go 

hyak  copo  polikelie.     Klosh  nanage  njka  copo  konaway    stick 
quick     in        night.  Good    Jook        1         m  all  timber 

pe  halo  klap.    Mika  nanage?" 
and    no     find.      You       see?" 

(Idea-  How  are  you.  Did  you  see  any  stray  (or  lost) 
horses'  T  have  lost  two.  one  black,  and  one  snotted— they 
broke  their  ropes  and  got  away  last  night  I  have  ^oked  good 
in  the  timber  but  can't  find  any  trace  of  them.  Did  you  see 
them?) 

"Halo  nanage,  wake  siah  mesika  chaco." 
"No       see,         not     far       we       come." 


SOCIAL  CONVERSATION. 

"Konaway  tilacum!     Copo  tatlum  sun  nika  mamook    tanze 

"All  friends!         In         ten     days     I         make       dance 

COPO  nika  house.    Delate  heehee,  delate  muckamuck   pe   delate 
at      my     house.     Much       fun,        much  eating       and  much 

tanze        Hiyu    delate  klosh  heehee.      Chaco  konaway  tilacum 
dance.      Many     much     good       fun.  Come         all  friends 

ne        cultas  heehee        mamook  copo  mesika;    lolo  klootchman 
and     good  -  time  -  fun         make       with       us:       bring      wives 
pe  ictas  copo  canim  copo  piahchuck  illahee  spit  pe  iskum  klosh 
.-md  goods    in     canoe     to     "Whiskey         spit         and     get       good 
heehee.  A-a-a-ah!"  ^ 

fun.         It  is  as  I  say!' 

(Idea:  Invitation  to  feast  dance.  "Listen,  everybody!  In 
ten  days  I  will  give  a  feast  dance  at  my  house^  We  will  have 
plenty  of  fun,  plenty  to  eat  and  a  good  time.  Come  all  friends 
and  have  a  good  time  with  us.  bring  your  wives  and  families 
and  your  outfits  in  your  canoes  to  "xyh.skey  spit"  and  have  a 
good  time  with  us.    You  won't  regret  it     It  is  as  I  say.  ) 


ii 


AUG  8-  ^014 


f 


i 


u 


^■'V  846  Pb  ■ 


MCC  CMC  BIBLIO  GEN 


I 

3    7777    00U38237   9 


_,!      .'■     1     .'    ,S   S 


n.  L.   DAVia  ^NINTINO  CO. 
•  nCAOt  WAY  SCATTLC 


i\ 


i2 


